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BIOLOGY TEST 1- CHAPTERS 1-4 (FORTIS)
BRAND NEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2025
peptides - correct-answer-Peptide—two or more amino acids covalently linked
Peptide bond—formed by dehydration reaction between two amino acid
monomers
Polypeptide—chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Amino acid sequence determines the final three-dimensional shape of protein
protein shape - correct-answer-primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Protein shapes - correct-answer-Primary structure—amino acid sequence
Secondary structure—portions of chain form helices or pleated sheets.
Tertiary structure—overall three-dimensional shape of interacting secondary
structures
Quaternary structure—more than one polypeptide chain interacting
DNA - correct-answer-deoxyribonucleic acid
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stores genetic info
double helix
self-replicating
RNA - correct-answer-ribonucleic acid
single stranded
helps to make proteins
base pairing rules - correct-answer-rule that describes how nucleotides form
bonds in DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always
bonds with cytosine (C)
nitrogenous bases - correct-answer-adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracail
light microscope - correct-answer-An optical instrument with lenses that refract
(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.
Invented in 17th century
Limited by properties of light
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scanning electron microscope - correct-answer-Microscope that produces an
enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons
rather than light
Invented in 1930s
Overcomes limitation by using beam of electrons
surface to volume ratio - correct-answer-A relationship in which the volume of an
object increases with the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases
with the square.
plasma membrane - correct-answer-Marks boundary between outside and inside
of a cell
Regulates passage in and out of a cell
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Polar heads (hydrophilic) of phospholipids face into watery medium
Nonpolar tails (hydrophobic) face each other
membrane proteins - correct-answer-Embedded proteins that perform specific
functions for the cell membrane.
Channel proteins
Form tunnel for specific molecules
BIOLOGY TEST 1- CHAPTERS 1-4 (FORTIS)
BRAND NEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS 2025
peptides - correct-answer-Peptide—two or more amino acids covalently linked
Peptide bond—formed by dehydration reaction between two amino acid
monomers
Polypeptide—chain of many amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Amino acid sequence determines the final three-dimensional shape of protein
protein shape - correct-answer-primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Protein shapes - correct-answer-Primary structure—amino acid sequence
Secondary structure—portions of chain form helices or pleated sheets.
Tertiary structure—overall three-dimensional shape of interacting secondary
structures
Quaternary structure—more than one polypeptide chain interacting
DNA - correct-answer-deoxyribonucleic acid
,2|Page
stores genetic info
double helix
self-replicating
RNA - correct-answer-ribonucleic acid
single stranded
helps to make proteins
base pairing rules - correct-answer-rule that describes how nucleotides form
bonds in DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always
bonds with cytosine (C)
nitrogenous bases - correct-answer-adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracail
light microscope - correct-answer-An optical instrument with lenses that refract
(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens.
Invented in 17th century
Limited by properties of light
, 3|Page
scanning electron microscope - correct-answer-Microscope that produces an
enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons
rather than light
Invented in 1930s
Overcomes limitation by using beam of electrons
surface to volume ratio - correct-answer-A relationship in which the volume of an
object increases with the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases
with the square.
plasma membrane - correct-answer-Marks boundary between outside and inside
of a cell
Regulates passage in and out of a cell
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Polar heads (hydrophilic) of phospholipids face into watery medium
Nonpolar tails (hydrophobic) face each other
membrane proteins - correct-answer-Embedded proteins that perform specific
functions for the cell membrane.
Channel proteins
Form tunnel for specific molecules
