ACVREP O&M FINAL EXAM PREP
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Components of an O&M assessment - ANSWER ✔ Review of Records
Mobility skills
Orientation skills
Concept awareness
Sensory Efficiency
Communication skills
Independent living skills
Social Skills
2. O&M assessment: Older Children & Adults - ANSWER ✔ Rapport
building: client interview
Interview with family, teachers, other educational staff
Longer sessions
Verbal requests to client
Content- indoor to down town
3. O&M Assessment: Preschoolers - ANSWER ✔ Rapport building through
play
Interview with family, teachers, other educational staff
Observations day to day functioning
shorter lessons
content- depends on goals & abilities
4. O&M Assessment: Infants & Toddlers - ANSWER ✔ Rapport building with
family
Observations day to day functioning
length of lessons dictated by family
, request information via play, toys & games
5. Functional Vision Assessment - ANSWER ✔ appearance of eyes
visual skills: tacing, tracking, scanning
pupil response
color identification/ preference
obstacle detection and avoidance
identification of stationary targets & moving targets
6. How does body concepts relate to O&M - ANSWER ✔ concepts include
body awareness, body part relationship, body-to-object and object to object
7. How does environmental concepts related to O&M - ANSWER ✔ concepts
include: size, color, shape and texture of telephones poles, parking meters,
and sidewalks and spatial regularities of features in built environments
8. How does spatial concepts relate to O&M - ANSWER ✔ concepts include
understanding of spatial location of tow or more objects relative to one
another, such as positional terms (over, under behind ) right & left, NSEW
9. How does body concepts relate to purposeful movement - ANSWER ✔
include discrimination between opposite motions and actions of the body as
well as its components parts, their relationship to one another, and as part of
a whole. Foundation to near/far/remote relationships
10.How does environmental concepts relate to purposeful movement -
ANSWER ✔ purposeful movement as recognition of features within the
travel route by concept mapping and spatial updates to enhance
understanding of scenarios
11.How does spatial concepts relate to purposeful movement - ANSWER ✔
concepts relate to purposeful movement for direction of travel toward a
destination
12.How will the sequence of O&M instruction for persons with congenital
blindness differ from persons who are adventitiously blind? - ANSWER ✔
the sequence of instruction for congenitally blind differs from adventitiously
, blind in that congenitally blind clients will require more task-specific
learning, including motor, visual stimulation, and concepts skills
13.What is the process by which children with visual impairment learn concepts
- ANSWER ✔ kinesthetic and tactile exploration, auditory & olfactory, as
well as gustatory and proprioceptive senses to recognize objects in the
environment
14.Explain the impact of sensory integration on the development of concepts in
a person with visual impairment - ANSWER ✔ impacts concept
development in a person with a visual impairment by the effectiveness of
movement and the integration of all environmental stimuli into a person's
thought process when traveling.
15.Explain the impact of whole - to - part learning on the development of
concepts in a person with visual impairments - ANSWER ✔ impacts
concept development in a person with visual impairments in that they rarely
are able to see parts of an object, relying first on the whole, then breaking it
down into component parts
16.Facial Vision - ANSWER ✔ "obstacle perception", increased sensitivity of
facial nerves. Form of object perception that relies on air pressure perceived
on the face.
17.FAC/Functional Abilities Checklist - ANSWER ✔ Qualifications for
entering O&M field
18.5 Principles of the "Code of Ethics" - ANSWER ✔ Commitment to the
student, community, profession, professionals/colleagues, & professional
employment practices.
19.3 Consumer Organizations & Mission - ANSWER ✔ 1. NFB - advocate for
independence & educate sighted public
2. ACB (American Council of the blind) - advocate & support the
participation of blind people in all aspects of society
3. National organization of Albino Americans - educate the public about
albinism* it's effects
, 20.Other Consumer Organizations - ANSWER ✔ 1. APH - Supplier of
textbooks & educational aids for VI students, providing specialized
materials, product, & services that are modified and adapted for the client.
2. Blind Veterans Association - Assists blinded veterans to utilize services
that are available to them such as VRT, job placement & other aids from
federal, state and local resources.
3. Council of U.S. Guide Dog Schools - promote high standards of training
and placement of guide dogs, holds a yearly conference to review new
materials & training methods.
4. Hellen Keller - A national rehab program serving youth & adults who are
deaf-blind.
5. NAPVI - Provides support for parents and families
6. NRA - Rehab professionals to work at eliminating barriers & increase
employment opportunities.
21.ACVREP Enforcement Policy - ANSWER ✔ Removal of license and
censure.
22.Topocentric Orientation - ANSWER ✔ Information including landmarks or
unique environmental features.
-An individual's ability to relate his or her position & the position of other
aspects of the environment to an identifiable landmark.
23.Self-Familiarization Technique for indoors - ANSWER ✔ 1. Perimeter
pattern
2. Grid pattern
3. Reference point
24.Self -Familiarization Technique for Outdoors - ANSWER ✔ 1. Linear
2. Fan technique
3. Expanding box
25.OCS process when orienting a dog guide traveler - ANSWER ✔ Orientation,
coaching & solo process.
26.Best place to stand when orienting a dog guide traveler - ANSWER ✔
Walking behind the handler's right shoulder while the team works the route.
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Components of an O&M assessment - ANSWER ✔ Review of Records
Mobility skills
Orientation skills
Concept awareness
Sensory Efficiency
Communication skills
Independent living skills
Social Skills
2. O&M assessment: Older Children & Adults - ANSWER ✔ Rapport
building: client interview
Interview with family, teachers, other educational staff
Longer sessions
Verbal requests to client
Content- indoor to down town
3. O&M Assessment: Preschoolers - ANSWER ✔ Rapport building through
play
Interview with family, teachers, other educational staff
Observations day to day functioning
shorter lessons
content- depends on goals & abilities
4. O&M Assessment: Infants & Toddlers - ANSWER ✔ Rapport building with
family
Observations day to day functioning
length of lessons dictated by family
, request information via play, toys & games
5. Functional Vision Assessment - ANSWER ✔ appearance of eyes
visual skills: tacing, tracking, scanning
pupil response
color identification/ preference
obstacle detection and avoidance
identification of stationary targets & moving targets
6. How does body concepts relate to O&M - ANSWER ✔ concepts include
body awareness, body part relationship, body-to-object and object to object
7. How does environmental concepts related to O&M - ANSWER ✔ concepts
include: size, color, shape and texture of telephones poles, parking meters,
and sidewalks and spatial regularities of features in built environments
8. How does spatial concepts relate to O&M - ANSWER ✔ concepts include
understanding of spatial location of tow or more objects relative to one
another, such as positional terms (over, under behind ) right & left, NSEW
9. How does body concepts relate to purposeful movement - ANSWER ✔
include discrimination between opposite motions and actions of the body as
well as its components parts, their relationship to one another, and as part of
a whole. Foundation to near/far/remote relationships
10.How does environmental concepts relate to purposeful movement -
ANSWER ✔ purposeful movement as recognition of features within the
travel route by concept mapping and spatial updates to enhance
understanding of scenarios
11.How does spatial concepts relate to purposeful movement - ANSWER ✔
concepts relate to purposeful movement for direction of travel toward a
destination
12.How will the sequence of O&M instruction for persons with congenital
blindness differ from persons who are adventitiously blind? - ANSWER ✔
the sequence of instruction for congenitally blind differs from adventitiously
, blind in that congenitally blind clients will require more task-specific
learning, including motor, visual stimulation, and concepts skills
13.What is the process by which children with visual impairment learn concepts
- ANSWER ✔ kinesthetic and tactile exploration, auditory & olfactory, as
well as gustatory and proprioceptive senses to recognize objects in the
environment
14.Explain the impact of sensory integration on the development of concepts in
a person with visual impairment - ANSWER ✔ impacts concept
development in a person with a visual impairment by the effectiveness of
movement and the integration of all environmental stimuli into a person's
thought process when traveling.
15.Explain the impact of whole - to - part learning on the development of
concepts in a person with visual impairments - ANSWER ✔ impacts
concept development in a person with visual impairments in that they rarely
are able to see parts of an object, relying first on the whole, then breaking it
down into component parts
16.Facial Vision - ANSWER ✔ "obstacle perception", increased sensitivity of
facial nerves. Form of object perception that relies on air pressure perceived
on the face.
17.FAC/Functional Abilities Checklist - ANSWER ✔ Qualifications for
entering O&M field
18.5 Principles of the "Code of Ethics" - ANSWER ✔ Commitment to the
student, community, profession, professionals/colleagues, & professional
employment practices.
19.3 Consumer Organizations & Mission - ANSWER ✔ 1. NFB - advocate for
independence & educate sighted public
2. ACB (American Council of the blind) - advocate & support the
participation of blind people in all aspects of society
3. National organization of Albino Americans - educate the public about
albinism* it's effects
, 20.Other Consumer Organizations - ANSWER ✔ 1. APH - Supplier of
textbooks & educational aids for VI students, providing specialized
materials, product, & services that are modified and adapted for the client.
2. Blind Veterans Association - Assists blinded veterans to utilize services
that are available to them such as VRT, job placement & other aids from
federal, state and local resources.
3. Council of U.S. Guide Dog Schools - promote high standards of training
and placement of guide dogs, holds a yearly conference to review new
materials & training methods.
4. Hellen Keller - A national rehab program serving youth & adults who are
deaf-blind.
5. NAPVI - Provides support for parents and families
6. NRA - Rehab professionals to work at eliminating barriers & increase
employment opportunities.
21.ACVREP Enforcement Policy - ANSWER ✔ Removal of license and
censure.
22.Topocentric Orientation - ANSWER ✔ Information including landmarks or
unique environmental features.
-An individual's ability to relate his or her position & the position of other
aspects of the environment to an identifiable landmark.
23.Self-Familiarization Technique for indoors - ANSWER ✔ 1. Perimeter
pattern
2. Grid pattern
3. Reference point
24.Self -Familiarization Technique for Outdoors - ANSWER ✔ 1. Linear
2. Fan technique
3. Expanding box
25.OCS process when orienting a dog guide traveler - ANSWER ✔ Orientation,
coaching & solo process.
26.Best place to stand when orienting a dog guide traveler - ANSWER ✔
Walking behind the handler's right shoulder while the team works the route.
