D574 HLTH 4360
Neuropsychology
Objective Assessment Review
(With Solutions)
2025
1
,1. A 45-year-old crash victim exhibits pronounced difficulty naming
objects, yet comprehension and repetition remain intact.
Neuroimaging reveals a lesion in the dominant hemisphere’s
posterior inferior frontal gyrus. Which type of aphasia best matches
this profile?
a. Broca’s aphasia
b. Wernicke’s aphasia
c. Conduction aphasia
d. Anomic aphasia
ANS: d. Anomic aphasia
Rationale: Anomic aphasia is characterized by word-finding
difficulty with relatively preserved fluency, comprehension, and
repetition. Lesions often involve the angular gyrus or posterior inferior
frontal regions.
2. A researcher uses diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study white
matter integrity in a group of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
patients. Which DTI-derived metric is most sensitive to axonal
damage?
a. Fractional anisotropy (FA)
b. Mean diffusivity (MD)
c. Radial diffusivity (RD)
d. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)
ANS: a. Fractional anisotropy (FA)
Rationale: FA quantifies directional water diffusion along axon
bundles; reductions in FA correlate strongly with axonal injury.
3. During a verbal memory assessment, a patient with hippocampal
atrophy recalls 2 of 10 word list items after a 20-minute delay but
benefits from semantic cueing. Which memory process is primarily
impaired?
2
, a. Encoding
b. Storage
c. Retrieval
d. Consolidation
ANS: b. Storage
Rationale: Poor delayed recall despite cueing suggests an
encoding and initial retrieval intact, but faulty storage/consolidation
in long-term memory.
4. A patient’s performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test shows
severe perseveration and failure to shift sets. Which brain region is
most likely dysfunctional?
a. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
b. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
c. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
d. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
ANS: a. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
Rationale: The DLPFC is critical for cognitive flexibility and set-
shifting; lesions here yield perseverative errors.
5. In an event-related potential (ERP) study of language, a patient
shows an absent N400 component but an intact P600. What cognitive
process is most disrupted?
a. Syntactic integration
b. Semantic processing
c. Phonological decoding
d. Attentional orienting
ANS: b. Semantic processing
Rationale: The N400 indexes semantic integration; absence
indicates failure to detect semantic anomalies, while P600 (syntax)
remains unaffected.
3
Neuropsychology
Objective Assessment Review
(With Solutions)
2025
1
,1. A 45-year-old crash victim exhibits pronounced difficulty naming
objects, yet comprehension and repetition remain intact.
Neuroimaging reveals a lesion in the dominant hemisphere’s
posterior inferior frontal gyrus. Which type of aphasia best matches
this profile?
a. Broca’s aphasia
b. Wernicke’s aphasia
c. Conduction aphasia
d. Anomic aphasia
ANS: d. Anomic aphasia
Rationale: Anomic aphasia is characterized by word-finding
difficulty with relatively preserved fluency, comprehension, and
repetition. Lesions often involve the angular gyrus or posterior inferior
frontal regions.
2. A researcher uses diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study white
matter integrity in a group of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
patients. Which DTI-derived metric is most sensitive to axonal
damage?
a. Fractional anisotropy (FA)
b. Mean diffusivity (MD)
c. Radial diffusivity (RD)
d. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)
ANS: a. Fractional anisotropy (FA)
Rationale: FA quantifies directional water diffusion along axon
bundles; reductions in FA correlate strongly with axonal injury.
3. During a verbal memory assessment, a patient with hippocampal
atrophy recalls 2 of 10 word list items after a 20-minute delay but
benefits from semantic cueing. Which memory process is primarily
impaired?
2
, a. Encoding
b. Storage
c. Retrieval
d. Consolidation
ANS: b. Storage
Rationale: Poor delayed recall despite cueing suggests an
encoding and initial retrieval intact, but faulty storage/consolidation
in long-term memory.
4. A patient’s performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test shows
severe perseveration and failure to shift sets. Which brain region is
most likely dysfunctional?
a. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
b. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
c. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)
d. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
ANS: a. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
Rationale: The DLPFC is critical for cognitive flexibility and set-
shifting; lesions here yield perseverative errors.
5. In an event-related potential (ERP) study of language, a patient
shows an absent N400 component but an intact P600. What cognitive
process is most disrupted?
a. Syntactic integration
b. Semantic processing
c. Phonological decoding
d. Attentional orienting
ANS: b. Semantic processing
Rationale: The N400 indexes semantic integration; absence
indicates failure to detect semantic anomalies, while P600 (syntax)
remains unaffected.
3
