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Samenvatting van hoofdstuk 4 en 5 van het vak microbiologie in biomedische wetenschappen

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"Deze samenvatting geeft de inhoud weer van zowel de PowerPoint-presentaties als de lessen over het hoofdstuk 4 'Voedings- en fysische vereisten voor microbiële groei' en het hoofdstuk 5 'Microbiële groei' binnen het vak Microbiologie van de opleiding Biomedische Wetenschappen.

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August 5, 2025
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Microbiologie; Algemene bacteriologie Hoofdstuk 4, 5


Inhoud
4. Voedings- en fysische vereisten voor microbiële groei..........................................................................................................1
4.1 Metabole diversiteit.........................................................................................................................................................1
Voeding.............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Groei.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
4 groepen obv voeding.......................................................................................................................................................2
4.2 Voedingselementen......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Vereiste elementen............................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.3 Nutriëntopname..............................................................................................................................................................3
Passieve diffusie................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Actief transport.................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.4 Invloed omgevingsfactoren..............................................................................................................................................4
Invloed van pH...................................................................................................................................................................4
Invloed T............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Invloed van O2................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4.4 Invloed van H2O...........................................................................................................................................................7
5.Microbiële groei......................................................................................................................................................................7
5.1 Celcyclus en -deling..........................................................................................................................................................7
Celcyclus............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Celdeling............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.2 Populatiegroei..................................................................................................................................................................9
Generatietijd......................................................................................................................................................................9
Groeisnelheid.....................................................................................................................................................................9
Groeicurve......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.3 Meten van microbiële groei...........................................................................................................................................11
Directe methoden............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Indirecte methoden......................................................................................................................................................... 11
5.4 Controle/inhibitie microbiële groei................................................................................................................................12
Fysische methoden.......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Chemische methoden......................................................................................................................................................14
Halogenen........................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Andere ontsmettingsmiddelen.........................................................................................................................................15




4.1 Metabole diversiteit
Voeding
- Nutriënten gemetaboliseerd voor
o Katabolisme (E winnen)
o Anabolisme (E verbruiken)

1

, - Grote verscheidenheid aan E en C-bronnen (sommige veel keuze andere beperkt)

Groei
- E bron
o Fototroof: E uit licht
o Chemotroof: E uit afbraak van substraten
- Koolstof (C) bron
o Autotroof: CO2
o Heterotroof: organische sub
- Reducerende stof op elektronendonor
o Lithotroof: anorganische moleculen (H2, H2S, S, Fe, …)
o Organotroof: organische moleculen (NADPH, lactaat, …)




4 groepen obv voeding
Groep E bron C bron e- donor vb
Fotoautotroof licht CO2 H2, H2O, H2S Fotosynthetiserende cyano en
(fotolithotroof) zwavel B

Fotoheterotroof (foto- licht Organische sub Organisch of H2 Fotosynthetiserende niet-zwavek
organotroof) en helio B

Chemoautotroof substraten CO2 Anorganische en H2, Veel archea, Fe en Mn oxiderende
(chemolithotroof) H2S, NH3, … B, nitrificerende B

Chemoheterotroof Substraten Organische sub Organische sub Meeste B
(chemo-organotroof)



Obligaat: Gebonden aan strikte eisen bv autotroof en enkel CO2 als C-bron

Facultief: Onder strikte condities mogelijk, maar ook in andere omstandigheden bv zowel autotroof als heterotroof

Auxotroof: mutant verliest vermogen om bepaalde metabolieten te synthetiseren die parentale stam wel synthetiseert

4.2 Voedingselementen
Ondanks diversitei wel een cte verdeling van elementen in drooggewicht micro-organismen.




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