ACVREP RED BOOK STUDY GUIDE
PT. 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Sources of energy for surface preview and obstacle detection in ETAs ANSW✅✅Laser, infrared,
and ultrasonic energy.
Impact of diabetes on ETA users ANSW✅✅Diabetic neuropathy may hinder tactile-haptic
feedback detection, making auditory output preferable for prospective students with diabetes.
Using ETAs with young children for concept development ANSW✅✅ETAs can teach direction,
distance, and angularity; stringent controls are necessary, and unsupervised use should be limited
until mastery is achieved.
Measurable objectives of ETA training ANSW✅✅Teaching obstacle detection, avoidance, trailing,
following, and object size beyond cane or dog guide limits.
Funding sources for ETAs ANSW✅✅State agencies, charity organizations, federal agencies, school
systems, service organizations, private insurance, and personal/family funding.
Characteristics of an ideal initial training site for ETAs ANSW✅✅Large, uncluttered indoor space
with minimal distractions to focus on learning.
Basic methods used with secondary ETAs ANSW✅✅Scissors method, forward and vertical
method, trailing method for aligning and trailing walls or objects.
Using an ETA selectively ANSW✅✅Using the device on an as-needed basis, not constantly, to
detect obstacles or specific environmental cues.
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) impact on wayfinding systems ANSW✅✅GPS provides location
coordinates and route information but should be used as a supplement, not a replacement, for
canes or dogs.
, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) impact on wayfinding systems ANSW✅✅GIS provides
mapping data including street names and points of interest for wayfinding.
Electronic Orientation Aids (EOAs) available ANSW✅✅Braille Note GPS by Sendero, Trekker-
Maestro GPS by Humanware, and Pac Mate Street talk GPS by Freedom Scientific (Vespero);
limitations include outdated models and high prices.
Canyon effect in EOAs ANSW✅✅Tall buildings, trees, and dense cloud cover can obstruct satellite
signals to GPS receivers, reducing accuracy in location and route plotting.
Mobility experiences of a young blind man in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1927 ANSW✅✅Lack of
training and long canes, reliance on traffic noise and grid system streets and sidewalks for
navigation.
Factors contributing to formalized training of dog guides in Germany in the 1920s ANSW✅✅High
number of blinded war veterans, history of blindness innovation, and practical, realistic approach of
Germans towards mobility.
Components of a directional change command for dog guides ANSW✅✅Body position, hand
signal, and voice command (used by DeafBlind individuals).
DeafBlind dog guide handler ANSW✅✅Handler may not use voice, relies on proprioceptive skills.
O&M training ANSW✅✅Enables handler to turn correctly in space using proprioception.
Visual travel ANSW✅✅Misconception; requires various orientation and mobility skills.
Human guide signal ANSW✅✅Uses forearm behind back; dog may slow or stop to indicate.
Anonymity with dog guide ANSW✅✅Feeling less conspicuous and more respected than with a
cane.
Residential dog guide training ANSW✅✅Pros and cons; away from home, learning in non-
judgmental environment.
PT. 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Sources of energy for surface preview and obstacle detection in ETAs ANSW✅✅Laser, infrared,
and ultrasonic energy.
Impact of diabetes on ETA users ANSW✅✅Diabetic neuropathy may hinder tactile-haptic
feedback detection, making auditory output preferable for prospective students with diabetes.
Using ETAs with young children for concept development ANSW✅✅ETAs can teach direction,
distance, and angularity; stringent controls are necessary, and unsupervised use should be limited
until mastery is achieved.
Measurable objectives of ETA training ANSW✅✅Teaching obstacle detection, avoidance, trailing,
following, and object size beyond cane or dog guide limits.
Funding sources for ETAs ANSW✅✅State agencies, charity organizations, federal agencies, school
systems, service organizations, private insurance, and personal/family funding.
Characteristics of an ideal initial training site for ETAs ANSW✅✅Large, uncluttered indoor space
with minimal distractions to focus on learning.
Basic methods used with secondary ETAs ANSW✅✅Scissors method, forward and vertical
method, trailing method for aligning and trailing walls or objects.
Using an ETA selectively ANSW✅✅Using the device on an as-needed basis, not constantly, to
detect obstacles or specific environmental cues.
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) impact on wayfinding systems ANSW✅✅GPS provides location
coordinates and route information but should be used as a supplement, not a replacement, for
canes or dogs.
, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) impact on wayfinding systems ANSW✅✅GIS provides
mapping data including street names and points of interest for wayfinding.
Electronic Orientation Aids (EOAs) available ANSW✅✅Braille Note GPS by Sendero, Trekker-
Maestro GPS by Humanware, and Pac Mate Street talk GPS by Freedom Scientific (Vespero);
limitations include outdated models and high prices.
Canyon effect in EOAs ANSW✅✅Tall buildings, trees, and dense cloud cover can obstruct satellite
signals to GPS receivers, reducing accuracy in location and route plotting.
Mobility experiences of a young blind man in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1927 ANSW✅✅Lack of
training and long canes, reliance on traffic noise and grid system streets and sidewalks for
navigation.
Factors contributing to formalized training of dog guides in Germany in the 1920s ANSW✅✅High
number of blinded war veterans, history of blindness innovation, and practical, realistic approach of
Germans towards mobility.
Components of a directional change command for dog guides ANSW✅✅Body position, hand
signal, and voice command (used by DeafBlind individuals).
DeafBlind dog guide handler ANSW✅✅Handler may not use voice, relies on proprioceptive skills.
O&M training ANSW✅✅Enables handler to turn correctly in space using proprioception.
Visual travel ANSW✅✅Misconception; requires various orientation and mobility skills.
Human guide signal ANSW✅✅Uses forearm behind back; dog may slow or stop to indicate.
Anonymity with dog guide ANSW✅✅Feeling less conspicuous and more respected than with a
cane.
Residential dog guide training ANSW✅✅Pros and cons; away from home, learning in non-
judgmental environment.
