Orthotics
ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS COMBINED
WRITTEN BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
what motions are produced at the midtarsal joint? - ANS ✓inversion and
eversion. flexion and extension
what motions are produced at the metatarsalphalangeal joints? - ANS
✓flexion and extension, abduction and adduction
what motions are produced at the IP joints? - ANS ✓flexion and extension
a complete lesion of the tibial nerve on one leg will result in what gait
deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side - ANS ✓D. shortened step
length on contralateral side
what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve? - ANS ✓(posterior lower leg
muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor
digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
what is the C3 myotome - ANS ✓cervical lateral flexion
1
Orthotics and Prosthetics
,Orthotics
what is the C4 myotome - ANS ✓shoulder elevation
what is the C5 myotome - ANS ✓shoulder abduction
what is the C6 myotome - ANS ✓elbow flexion, wrist extension
what is the C7 myotome - ANS ✓elbow extension, wrist flexion
what is the C8 myotome - ANS ✓thumb extension, finger flexion
what is the T1 myotome - ANS ✓finger abduction and adduction
what is the L2 myotome - ANS ✓hip flexion
what is the L3 myotome - ANS ✓knee extension
what is the L4 myotome - ANS ✓ankle DF
what is the L5 myotome - ANS ✓great toe extension
what is the S1 myotome - ANS ✓PF, eversion, hip extension
what is the S2 myotome - ANS ✓knee flexion, PF
a developmental disorder of the spine
abnormal growth of the thoracic spine
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Orthotics and Prosthetics
,Orthotics
anterior portion of the thoracic vertebrae do not develop as fast as the
posterior portion resulting in exaggerated kyphosis - ANS ✓Scheuermann's
Disease
-growth disorder of the tibia
-characterized by inward bowing of the lower leg that worsens over time
-tibia vara - ANS ✓Blount's disease (osteochondrosis deformans tibiae)
-avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head resulting from
compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area
-usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years old
-may occur after an injury to the hip
-typically unilateral - ANS ✓Leg-Calve-Perthes Disease
at which part of gait are the most number of muscles active? - ANS ✓Heel
strike (initial contact)
For correction of genu valgum, forces should be applied over the:
A. lateral condyle of the femur, lateral aspect of the foot and the head of the
fibula
B. Lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and medial
condyle of the femur
C. Anterior thigh poplitial fossa and dorsal surface of the foot
D. perineum, dial aspect of the foot and lateral condyle of the femur
E. medial condyle of the femur, medial aspect of the foot and the head of the
tibia - ANS ✓B. lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and the
medial condyle of the femur
the purpose of measuring external rotation of the ankle joint is to:
A. determine total amount of internal rotation of the tibia in a normal adult
B. allow for toe out
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Orthotics and Prosthetics
, Orthotics
C. determine amount of anterior deflection of the lateral sidebar
D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical
ankle axis in the transverse plane
D. insure that the medial and lateral mechanical ankle axes are parallel in
the coronal plane - ANS ✓D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides
with the anatomical ankle axis in the transverse plane
what is the maximum acceptable malalignment of a tibial fracture that can
be managed with an off the shelf fracture orthosis?
A. 5 degrees of valgus/varus, 30 degrees of anterior-posterior angulation
B. no more than 5 degrees of varus/valgus, 10 degrees of AP angulation
C. 10 degrees of varus/valgus, 20 degrees of AP angulation
D. 10 degrees of valgus, 30 degrees of AP angulation - ANS ✓C. 10 degrees of
varus or valgus, 20 degrees of anterior posterior angulation
for most patients with paraplegia to stand in KAFOs they must be allowed
to rest on their iliofemoral ligaments. In order to facilitate this posture,
how should the tibias be posistioned sagittally in relationship to the
ground? - ANS ✓A few degrees of relative DF
congenital osteoporosis, along with fractures before and during birth is
indicative of which condition - ANS ✓osteogenesis imperfecta
-non-progressive condition characterized by multiple joint contractures
and involves muscle weakness
-found at birth
-most common form is amyoplasia (hands, wrist, elbows, shoulders, feet,
hips and knees are affected)
-severe conditions involve the jaw and spine - ANS ✓arthrogryposis
-birth defect that occurs when the spine and the spinal cord don't form
properly
4
Orthotics and Prosthetics
ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS COMBINED
WRITTEN BOARDS EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
what motions are produced at the midtarsal joint? - ANS ✓inversion and
eversion. flexion and extension
what motions are produced at the metatarsalphalangeal joints? - ANS
✓flexion and extension, abduction and adduction
what motions are produced at the IP joints? - ANS ✓flexion and extension
a complete lesion of the tibial nerve on one leg will result in what gait
deviations?
A. foot slap on ipsilateral side
B. gluteus medius limp on contralateral side
C. Shortened step length on ipsilateral side
D. shortened step length on contralateral side - ANS ✓D. shortened step
length on contralateral side
what muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve? - ANS ✓(posterior lower leg
muscles)
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor
digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
what is the C3 myotome - ANS ✓cervical lateral flexion
1
Orthotics and Prosthetics
,Orthotics
what is the C4 myotome - ANS ✓shoulder elevation
what is the C5 myotome - ANS ✓shoulder abduction
what is the C6 myotome - ANS ✓elbow flexion, wrist extension
what is the C7 myotome - ANS ✓elbow extension, wrist flexion
what is the C8 myotome - ANS ✓thumb extension, finger flexion
what is the T1 myotome - ANS ✓finger abduction and adduction
what is the L2 myotome - ANS ✓hip flexion
what is the L3 myotome - ANS ✓knee extension
what is the L4 myotome - ANS ✓ankle DF
what is the L5 myotome - ANS ✓great toe extension
what is the S1 myotome - ANS ✓PF, eversion, hip extension
what is the S2 myotome - ANS ✓knee flexion, PF
a developmental disorder of the spine
abnormal growth of the thoracic spine
2
Orthotics and Prosthetics
,Orthotics
anterior portion of the thoracic vertebrae do not develop as fast as the
posterior portion resulting in exaggerated kyphosis - ANS ✓Scheuermann's
Disease
-growth disorder of the tibia
-characterized by inward bowing of the lower leg that worsens over time
-tibia vara - ANS ✓Blount's disease (osteochondrosis deformans tibiae)
-avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head resulting from
compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area
-usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years old
-may occur after an injury to the hip
-typically unilateral - ANS ✓Leg-Calve-Perthes Disease
at which part of gait are the most number of muscles active? - ANS ✓Heel
strike (initial contact)
For correction of genu valgum, forces should be applied over the:
A. lateral condyle of the femur, lateral aspect of the foot and the head of the
fibula
B. Lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and medial
condyle of the femur
C. Anterior thigh poplitial fossa and dorsal surface of the foot
D. perineum, dial aspect of the foot and lateral condyle of the femur
E. medial condyle of the femur, medial aspect of the foot and the head of the
tibia - ANS ✓B. lateral thigh distal to the GT, lateral aspect of the foot and the
medial condyle of the femur
the purpose of measuring external rotation of the ankle joint is to:
A. determine total amount of internal rotation of the tibia in a normal adult
B. allow for toe out
3
Orthotics and Prosthetics
, Orthotics
C. determine amount of anterior deflection of the lateral sidebar
D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides with the anatomical
ankle axis in the transverse plane
D. insure that the medial and lateral mechanical ankle axes are parallel in
the coronal plane - ANS ✓D. insure that the mechanical ankle axis coincides
with the anatomical ankle axis in the transverse plane
what is the maximum acceptable malalignment of a tibial fracture that can
be managed with an off the shelf fracture orthosis?
A. 5 degrees of valgus/varus, 30 degrees of anterior-posterior angulation
B. no more than 5 degrees of varus/valgus, 10 degrees of AP angulation
C. 10 degrees of varus/valgus, 20 degrees of AP angulation
D. 10 degrees of valgus, 30 degrees of AP angulation - ANS ✓C. 10 degrees of
varus or valgus, 20 degrees of anterior posterior angulation
for most patients with paraplegia to stand in KAFOs they must be allowed
to rest on their iliofemoral ligaments. In order to facilitate this posture,
how should the tibias be posistioned sagittally in relationship to the
ground? - ANS ✓A few degrees of relative DF
congenital osteoporosis, along with fractures before and during birth is
indicative of which condition - ANS ✓osteogenesis imperfecta
-non-progressive condition characterized by multiple joint contractures
and involves muscle weakness
-found at birth
-most common form is amyoplasia (hands, wrist, elbows, shoulders, feet,
hips and knees are affected)
-severe conditions involve the jaw and spine - ANS ✓arthrogryposis
-birth defect that occurs when the spine and the spinal cord don't form
properly
4
Orthotics and Prosthetics
