Nurs 2003 Midterm EXAM, Questions AND Correct Answers
!1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency - ✔✔ The only known genetic abnormality that leads to chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); manifested by lower levels of !1-antitrypsin that result in
insufficient inactivation of neutrophil elastase, and the subsequent lysis of lung tissue, which
causes emphysema
absorption atelectasis - ✔✔ Collapse of the alveoli as a result of airway obstruction when nitrogen
is washed out of the alveoli and replaced with oxygen during the administration of high
concentrations of oxygen
acidosis - ✔✔ An abnormal increase in blood acidity; a pH less than 7.35
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ✔✔ End stage of chronic HIV infection; a syndrome
involving a defect in cell-mediated immunity that has a long incubation period and is manifested
by various opportunistic infections and cancers
active transport - ✔✔ A process requiring energy in which molecules move through a membrane
against the concentration gradient
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - ✔✔ Condition consisting of unstable angina, non-ST-segment
elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; develops when
the oxygen supply to the myocardium is diminished (myocardial ischemia) and not immediately
reversible
acute retroviral syndrome - ✔✔ Symptoms accompanying the development of HIV-specific
antibodies (seroconversion), including a flulike syndrome of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore
throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, or a diffuse rash, or some
combination
Adhesions - ✔✔ Bands of scar tissue between or around organs
alarm reaction - ✔✔ First stage of general adaptation syndrome, in which the individual perceives
a stressor physically or mentally and the fight-or-flight response is initiated
alkalosis - ✔✔ An abnormal decrease in blood acidity; a pH greater than 7.45
, allostasis - ✔✔ The means by which the body reestablishes homeostasis when faced with a
challenge
Anaplasia - ✔✔ Cell differentiation to a more immature or embryonic form
angina - ✔✔ Chest pain that is the clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial ischemia
anions - ✔✔ Negatively charged ions
Ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔ A chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the axial
skeleton, including the sacroiliac joints, intervertebral disc spaces, and costovertebral articulations
aplastic anemia - ✔✔ A disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease
of all blood cell types—RBCs, white blood cells [WBCs], and platelets) and hypocellular bone
marrow
apoptosis - ✔✔ Programmed, normally occurring cell death
arthritis - ✔✔ Inflammation of a joint
atherosclerosis - ✔✔ Formation of the focal deposits of cholesterol and lipids known as
atheromas or plaque, primarily within the intimal wall of arteries, that obstruct circulation
Atrophy - ✔✔ Decrease in the size of a tissue or organ caused by a reduction in the number or size
of the individual cells
Baroreceptors - ✔✔ Specialized nerve cells located in the carotid sinus and in the arch of the aorta
that are sensitive to stretching and, when stimulated by an increase in blood pressure, send
inhibitory impulses to the sympathetic vasomotor centre in the brainstem
buffers - ✔✔ A solution or system that maintains a stable pH
!1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency - ✔✔ The only known genetic abnormality that leads to chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); manifested by lower levels of !1-antitrypsin that result in
insufficient inactivation of neutrophil elastase, and the subsequent lysis of lung tissue, which
causes emphysema
absorption atelectasis - ✔✔ Collapse of the alveoli as a result of airway obstruction when nitrogen
is washed out of the alveoli and replaced with oxygen during the administration of high
concentrations of oxygen
acidosis - ✔✔ An abnormal increase in blood acidity; a pH less than 7.35
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) - ✔✔ End stage of chronic HIV infection; a syndrome
involving a defect in cell-mediated immunity that has a long incubation period and is manifested
by various opportunistic infections and cancers
active transport - ✔✔ A process requiring energy in which molecules move through a membrane
against the concentration gradient
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - ✔✔ Condition consisting of unstable angina, non-ST-segment
elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; develops when
the oxygen supply to the myocardium is diminished (myocardial ischemia) and not immediately
reversible
acute retroviral syndrome - ✔✔ Symptoms accompanying the development of HIV-specific
antibodies (seroconversion), including a flulike syndrome of fever, swollen lymph glands, sore
throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, or a diffuse rash, or some
combination
Adhesions - ✔✔ Bands of scar tissue between or around organs
alarm reaction - ✔✔ First stage of general adaptation syndrome, in which the individual perceives
a stressor physically or mentally and the fight-or-flight response is initiated
alkalosis - ✔✔ An abnormal decrease in blood acidity; a pH greater than 7.45
, allostasis - ✔✔ The means by which the body reestablishes homeostasis when faced with a
challenge
Anaplasia - ✔✔ Cell differentiation to a more immature or embryonic form
angina - ✔✔ Chest pain that is the clinical manifestation of reversible myocardial ischemia
anions - ✔✔ Negatively charged ions
Ankylosing spondylitis - ✔✔ A chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the axial
skeleton, including the sacroiliac joints, intervertebral disc spaces, and costovertebral articulations
aplastic anemia - ✔✔ A disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease
of all blood cell types—RBCs, white blood cells [WBCs], and platelets) and hypocellular bone
marrow
apoptosis - ✔✔ Programmed, normally occurring cell death
arthritis - ✔✔ Inflammation of a joint
atherosclerosis - ✔✔ Formation of the focal deposits of cholesterol and lipids known as
atheromas or plaque, primarily within the intimal wall of arteries, that obstruct circulation
Atrophy - ✔✔ Decrease in the size of a tissue or organ caused by a reduction in the number or size
of the individual cells
Baroreceptors - ✔✔ Specialized nerve cells located in the carotid sinus and in the arch of the aorta
that are sensitive to stretching and, when stimulated by an increase in blood pressure, send
inhibitory impulses to the sympathetic vasomotor centre in the brainstem
buffers - ✔✔ A solution or system that maintains a stable pH
