Fmst 210 – Final Exam With Answers.
Describe what development is - ANSWER- Development is the way we grow, change,
and stay the same which occurs from conception until death
Differentiate between three types of development - ANSWER- cognitive,
socioemotional, physical
Cognitive development - ANSWER- maturation of mental processes and tools
individuals use to obtain knowledge, think, and solve problem
Socioemotional development - ANSWER- maturation of social and emotional
functioning (i.e., changes in personality, emotions, personal perceptions, social skills,
and interpersonal relationships)
Physical development - ANSWER- body maturation, including body size, proportion,
appearance, health, and perceptual abilities (i.e., the ability to interpret or become
aware of something through our senses)
List and describe the six aspects of development - ANSWER- Lifelong
Multidisciplinary
Multidimensional
Influenced by multiple contexts
Multidirectional
Plastic
1. Lifelong development - ANSWER- never stops
2. Multidisciplinary development - ANSWER- takes multiple disciplines to understand
development
3. Multidimensaional Development - ANSWER- 3 types of development interact
(cognitive, physical, socioemotional)
4. development influenced by multiple contexts - ANSWER- normative age-graded
normative history-graded
normative influences
normative age-graded influences - ANSWER- normal age ranges that things occur
during
ex. puberty, graduation, retirement
,normative history-graded - ANSWER- wars or pandemics affecting development
nonormative influences - ANSWER- unpredictable influences, not tied to age or
historical events
5. multidirectional development - ANSWER- non linear development, we see
regressions in some things with progression in others
6. plastic development - ANSWER- capacity for change, our development is adaptable,
malleable, and open to change in response to experiences
Define five major developmental theories - ANSWER- Psychoanalytic
Behaviouralist & Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
Sociocultural system theories
Ethology and evolutionary developmental theories
Psychoanalytic theory - ANSWER- development and behaviour are a matter of the
interplay between inner drive, memories, and conflicts that we are unaware of and
cannot control
Behaviouralist theory - ANSWER- studies how observable behaviour is controlled by
physical and social environment
Social Learning Theory - ANSWER- emphasizes the role of modeling or observational
learning, behavior is followed by reinforcement or punishme
Cognitive theories - ANSWER- examines the role of thought on behaviour -> building
schemas and learning by interacting with the world
Sociocultural system theories - ANSWER- how culture is transmitted between
generations through social interaction
Ethology - ANSWER- emphasizes evolution of behaviour and its adaptive value in
ensuring success of a species
Evolutionary Developmental Theories - ANSWER- applies principles of evolution and
scientific knowledge about the interactive influence of genetic and environmental
mechanism to understand the adaptive value of developmental changes
Explain patterns in genetic inheritance - ANSWER- 0.3% of our genes are what
differentiate us from one another
Gamete - ANSWER- an organism's reproductive cells (also known as sex cells)
, Zygote - ANSWER- singled celled organism resulting from a fertilized egg
how are traits and characteristics inherited - ANSWER- in predictable ways, through the
interaction of the 23 pairs of genes we inherity (1 from mother, 1 from father)
alleles - ANSWER- Different forms of a gene
- this is how the differences we see are inherited and presented, through different
alleles
Genotype - ANSWER- genetic makeup of an organism (through combination of alleles)
Phenotype - ANSWER- observable representations of traits (physical)
Dominant recessive inheritance - ANSWER- a pattern of inheritance in which, under
heterozygous conditions, the influence of only one allele is apparent (dominant allele)
Types of genetic dominance - ANSWER- Incomplete
Co-dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Incomplete dominance (genetic) - ANSWER- both genes represented phenotypically
because the dominant allele does not completely overpower the recessive allele
Co-dominant inheritance - ANSWER- each allele is capable of representing to a certain
degree
Polygenic inheritance - ANSWER- when a trait is a function of inheritance of many
genes, ex. Height, intelligence, and temperament.
what causes genetic disorders - ANSWER- Many are caused by inherited genes, some
caused by dominant recessive inheritance to which one or both parents contribute and
some are a result of variations in chromosomes
lifespan of people with genetic disorders - ANSWER- most people who inherit these
severe genetic disorders usually can't live long enough to reproduce and pass on the
alleles.
types of genetic disorders that can be passed down - ANSWER- Huntington's disease,
Cystic Fibrosis
why can some genetic disorders be passed down - ANSWER- because they present
later in life after an organism has had a chance to reproduce
genetic mutations - ANSWER- a sudden permanent change that can occur
spontaneously or due to toxin exposure
Describe what development is - ANSWER- Development is the way we grow, change,
and stay the same which occurs from conception until death
Differentiate between three types of development - ANSWER- cognitive,
socioemotional, physical
Cognitive development - ANSWER- maturation of mental processes and tools
individuals use to obtain knowledge, think, and solve problem
Socioemotional development - ANSWER- maturation of social and emotional
functioning (i.e., changes in personality, emotions, personal perceptions, social skills,
and interpersonal relationships)
Physical development - ANSWER- body maturation, including body size, proportion,
appearance, health, and perceptual abilities (i.e., the ability to interpret or become
aware of something through our senses)
List and describe the six aspects of development - ANSWER- Lifelong
Multidisciplinary
Multidimensional
Influenced by multiple contexts
Multidirectional
Plastic
1. Lifelong development - ANSWER- never stops
2. Multidisciplinary development - ANSWER- takes multiple disciplines to understand
development
3. Multidimensaional Development - ANSWER- 3 types of development interact
(cognitive, physical, socioemotional)
4. development influenced by multiple contexts - ANSWER- normative age-graded
normative history-graded
normative influences
normative age-graded influences - ANSWER- normal age ranges that things occur
during
ex. puberty, graduation, retirement
,normative history-graded - ANSWER- wars or pandemics affecting development
nonormative influences - ANSWER- unpredictable influences, not tied to age or
historical events
5. multidirectional development - ANSWER- non linear development, we see
regressions in some things with progression in others
6. plastic development - ANSWER- capacity for change, our development is adaptable,
malleable, and open to change in response to experiences
Define five major developmental theories - ANSWER- Psychoanalytic
Behaviouralist & Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theories
Sociocultural system theories
Ethology and evolutionary developmental theories
Psychoanalytic theory - ANSWER- development and behaviour are a matter of the
interplay between inner drive, memories, and conflicts that we are unaware of and
cannot control
Behaviouralist theory - ANSWER- studies how observable behaviour is controlled by
physical and social environment
Social Learning Theory - ANSWER- emphasizes the role of modeling or observational
learning, behavior is followed by reinforcement or punishme
Cognitive theories - ANSWER- examines the role of thought on behaviour -> building
schemas and learning by interacting with the world
Sociocultural system theories - ANSWER- how culture is transmitted between
generations through social interaction
Ethology - ANSWER- emphasizes evolution of behaviour and its adaptive value in
ensuring success of a species
Evolutionary Developmental Theories - ANSWER- applies principles of evolution and
scientific knowledge about the interactive influence of genetic and environmental
mechanism to understand the adaptive value of developmental changes
Explain patterns in genetic inheritance - ANSWER- 0.3% of our genes are what
differentiate us from one another
Gamete - ANSWER- an organism's reproductive cells (also known as sex cells)
, Zygote - ANSWER- singled celled organism resulting from a fertilized egg
how are traits and characteristics inherited - ANSWER- in predictable ways, through the
interaction of the 23 pairs of genes we inherity (1 from mother, 1 from father)
alleles - ANSWER- Different forms of a gene
- this is how the differences we see are inherited and presented, through different
alleles
Genotype - ANSWER- genetic makeup of an organism (through combination of alleles)
Phenotype - ANSWER- observable representations of traits (physical)
Dominant recessive inheritance - ANSWER- a pattern of inheritance in which, under
heterozygous conditions, the influence of only one allele is apparent (dominant allele)
Types of genetic dominance - ANSWER- Incomplete
Co-dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Incomplete dominance (genetic) - ANSWER- both genes represented phenotypically
because the dominant allele does not completely overpower the recessive allele
Co-dominant inheritance - ANSWER- each allele is capable of representing to a certain
degree
Polygenic inheritance - ANSWER- when a trait is a function of inheritance of many
genes, ex. Height, intelligence, and temperament.
what causes genetic disorders - ANSWER- Many are caused by inherited genes, some
caused by dominant recessive inheritance to which one or both parents contribute and
some are a result of variations in chromosomes
lifespan of people with genetic disorders - ANSWER- most people who inherit these
severe genetic disorders usually can't live long enough to reproduce and pass on the
alleles.
types of genetic disorders that can be passed down - ANSWER- Huntington's disease,
Cystic Fibrosis
why can some genetic disorders be passed down - ANSWER- because they present
later in life after an organism has had a chance to reproduce
genetic mutations - ANSWER- a sudden permanent change that can occur
spontaneously or due to toxin exposure
