Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
1. A member of the health care team is researching the A client who has increas-
etiology and pathogenesis of a number of clients who ing serum ammonia levels
are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the due to liver cirrhosis
following aspects of clients' situations best character-
izes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
-A client who has been exposed to the mycobacterium
tuberculosis bacterium
-A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels
due to liver cirrhosis
-A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl
alcohol poisoning
-A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a
motor vehicle accident
2. A 60 year-old man has presented to a clinic and is -"Tumor markers alone
requesting screening for tumor markers after reading aren't enough to confirm
about them in a magazine. What can the clinician most whether you have cancer
accurately tell the man about the clinical use of tumor or not, so they're not a very
markers? useful screening tool."
-"Tumor markers are a very useful screening tool, but
they only exist for a very few types of cancer."
-"Tests for the presence of tumor markers are limited
by the fact that they are only accurate in the very early
stages of cancer."
-"Tumor markers are an excellent screening tool, but
it's only practical to test for those cancers that you're
at risk of."
-"Tumor markers alone aren't enough to confirm
whether you have cancer or not, so they're not a very
useful screening tool."
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
3. Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation Rapidly proliferating cells
treatment accounts for adverse as well as therapeutic
effects?
-Cell-surface receptors
-Circulating hormone levels
-Blood vessels
-Rapidly proliferating cells
4. A 41-year-old female with a family history of breast -A tumor is undetectable
cancer has had a baseline mammogram. She states until it has doubled 30
that she performs monthly self-breast exams but re- times and contains at least
ally has a hard time evaluating her lumps since she 1 billion cells.
has numerous cysts. At her annual mammogram, the
technician views a suspicious area and refers her to
the radiologist. She asks the nurse in the office, "How
can a lump appear so quickly?" The nurse's response
is based on which of the following principles?
-A tumor is undetectable until it has doubled 30 times
and contains at least 1 billion cells.
-Many tumor cells never leave the M-phase of the cell
cycle.
-Cancer cells are undifferentiated and come in various
shapes and sizes.
-If the breast has a lot of cysts, then the fluid within
those sacs makes it difficult to feel the hard lumps of
a cancer.
5. A 77-year-old male client with a diagnosis of stomach -The portal circulatory sys-
cancer has been found to have metastases in his liver. tem brings venous blood
The client and his family are surprised at this turn of
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
events, stating that they do not see how he could have from the GI tract into the
developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following liver.
facts would underlie the reply that the care team pro-
vides?
-The parenchymal tissue of the liver is particularly sus-
ceptible to secondary malignancies.
-The portal circulatory system brings venous blood
from the GI tract into the liver.
-Hepatic stromal tissue shares characteristics with
cancerous cells, including lack of anchorage depen-
dence.
-The proximity of the liver to the stomach allows for di-
rect spread of cancerous cells due to a lack of contact
inhibition.
6. A 61-year-old male client is scheduled to begin -Antiemetics and packed
chemotherapy for the treatment of his bone cancer red blood cell (PRBC)
shortly. Staff at the cancer center have educated the transfusions
man and his wife about the goals, course, and ex-
pectations of his treatment. Which of the following
medications and treatments might the man anticipate
needing during and after his course of treatment?
-Analgesia and corticosteroids
-Antiemetics and packed red blood cell (PRBC) trans-
fusions
-Whole blood transfusion and antiplatelet aggrega-
tors
-Diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs)
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
7. As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, -All of the men who had
men at a senior citizen's center are having their blood high PSA levels devel-
levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured. oped prostate cancer; sev-
Which of the following statements would best charac- eral men who had low
terize high positive predictive value but low negative PSA levels also developed
predictive value for this screening test? prostate cancer.
-All of the men who had high PSA levels developed
prostate cancer; several men who had low PSA levels
also developed prostate cancer.
-All of the men who had low PSA levels were can-
cer-free; several men who had high levels also re-
mained free of prostate cancer.
-Men who had low PSA levels also displayed false pos-
itive results for prostate cancer; men with high levels
were often falsely diagnosed with prostate cancer.
-The test displayed low sensitivity but high specificity.
8. A patient has been diagnosed with a neurodegenera- -Dysregulated apoptosis
tive disease called multiple sclerosis (MS). The physi- has caused an exces-
cian explains to the patient that this disease may sive rate of programmed
be caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Later that day, cell death along the neu-
the patient asks the nurse what this means. The NP ro-pathways.
should reply:
-The cells around your nerves don't know how to die
correctly.
-The cytoplasm should neutralize the various apoptot-
ic inhibitors but isn't working correctly.
-Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate
of programmed cell death along the neuro-pathways.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
1. A member of the health care team is researching the A client who has increas-
etiology and pathogenesis of a number of clients who ing serum ammonia levels
are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the due to liver cirrhosis
following aspects of clients' situations best character-
izes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
-A client who has been exposed to the mycobacterium
tuberculosis bacterium
-A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels
due to liver cirrhosis
-A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl
alcohol poisoning
-A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a
motor vehicle accident
2. A 60 year-old man has presented to a clinic and is -"Tumor markers alone
requesting screening for tumor markers after reading aren't enough to confirm
about them in a magazine. What can the clinician most whether you have cancer
accurately tell the man about the clinical use of tumor or not, so they're not a very
markers? useful screening tool."
-"Tumor markers are a very useful screening tool, but
they only exist for a very few types of cancer."
-"Tests for the presence of tumor markers are limited
by the fact that they are only accurate in the very early
stages of cancer."
-"Tumor markers are an excellent screening tool, but
it's only practical to test for those cancers that you're
at risk of."
-"Tumor markers alone aren't enough to confirm
whether you have cancer or not, so they're not a very
useful screening tool."
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
3. Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation Rapidly proliferating cells
treatment accounts for adverse as well as therapeutic
effects?
-Cell-surface receptors
-Circulating hormone levels
-Blood vessels
-Rapidly proliferating cells
4. A 41-year-old female with a family history of breast -A tumor is undetectable
cancer has had a baseline mammogram. She states until it has doubled 30
that she performs monthly self-breast exams but re- times and contains at least
ally has a hard time evaluating her lumps since she 1 billion cells.
has numerous cysts. At her annual mammogram, the
technician views a suspicious area and refers her to
the radiologist. She asks the nurse in the office, "How
can a lump appear so quickly?" The nurse's response
is based on which of the following principles?
-A tumor is undetectable until it has doubled 30 times
and contains at least 1 billion cells.
-Many tumor cells never leave the M-phase of the cell
cycle.
-Cancer cells are undifferentiated and come in various
shapes and sizes.
-If the breast has a lot of cysts, then the fluid within
those sacs makes it difficult to feel the hard lumps of
a cancer.
5. A 77-year-old male client with a diagnosis of stomach -The portal circulatory sys-
cancer has been found to have metastases in his liver. tem brings venous blood
The client and his family are surprised at this turn of
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
events, stating that they do not see how he could have from the GI tract into the
developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following liver.
facts would underlie the reply that the care team pro-
vides?
-The parenchymal tissue of the liver is particularly sus-
ceptible to secondary malignancies.
-The portal circulatory system brings venous blood
from the GI tract into the liver.
-Hepatic stromal tissue shares characteristics with
cancerous cells, including lack of anchorage depen-
dence.
-The proximity of the liver to the stomach allows for di-
rect spread of cancerous cells due to a lack of contact
inhibition.
6. A 61-year-old male client is scheduled to begin -Antiemetics and packed
chemotherapy for the treatment of his bone cancer red blood cell (PRBC)
shortly. Staff at the cancer center have educated the transfusions
man and his wife about the goals, course, and ex-
pectations of his treatment. Which of the following
medications and treatments might the man anticipate
needing during and after his course of treatment?
-Analgesia and corticosteroids
-Antiemetics and packed red blood cell (PRBC) trans-
fusions
-Whole blood transfusion and antiplatelet aggrega-
tors
-Diuretics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs)
, Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ekej3z
7. As part of a screening program for prostate cancer, -All of the men who had
men at a senior citizen's center are having their blood high PSA levels devel-
levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measured. oped prostate cancer; sev-
Which of the following statements would best charac- eral men who had low
terize high positive predictive value but low negative PSA levels also developed
predictive value for this screening test? prostate cancer.
-All of the men who had high PSA levels developed
prostate cancer; several men who had low PSA levels
also developed prostate cancer.
-All of the men who had low PSA levels were can-
cer-free; several men who had high levels also re-
mained free of prostate cancer.
-Men who had low PSA levels also displayed false pos-
itive results for prostate cancer; men with high levels
were often falsely diagnosed with prostate cancer.
-The test displayed low sensitivity but high specificity.
8. A patient has been diagnosed with a neurodegenera- -Dysregulated apoptosis
tive disease called multiple sclerosis (MS). The physi- has caused an exces-
cian explains to the patient that this disease may sive rate of programmed
be caused by dysregulated apoptosis. Later that day, cell death along the neu-
the patient asks the nurse what this means. The NP ro-pathways.
should reply:
-The cells around your nerves don't know how to die
correctly.
-The cytoplasm should neutralize the various apoptot-
ic inhibitors but isn't working correctly.
-Dysregulated apoptosis has caused an excessive rate
of programmed cell death along the neuro-pathways.
