NURS 315 - Pathophysiology EXAM 1 PREP
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER --is the decrease in the size of a cell
-when a limb is immobilized in a cast and active muscle movement is impaired
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER --increase in tropic, or growth, signals which then
causes an increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER --caused by hormone signaling and an increase in
workload
-causes in increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER --changing of one cell type to another
-one way that cells adapt to persistenet stressors
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER --actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity,
arrangement, and structure
-cells response to a chronic and persistent stressor and is likely to resolve when the stressor is
removed
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER --physiologic and pathologic cell response to a
"cellular suicide"
-programmed cell death prompted by a genetic signal and is designed to replace old cells with
new
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER --disorderly process associated with inflammation
-death of cells related to cell injury
, Ischemia outcome - CORRECT ANSWER --decreased oxygen supply to the cell
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER --result from failure in the delivery of oxygen to cells
-ex. problems with blood flow to the brain
Stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER --self renewal: can undergo numerous mitotic divisions
-asymmetric replication
-differential potential
-embryonic stem cells hold the potential for broad differentiation
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER --particles from an area of higher concentration to lower
concentration
-concentration gradient
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER --process by which water passively moves across the
semipermeable cell membrane
-osmotic pressure
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER --require energy when transporting particles
across the cell membrane
-common example: movement of sodium out of the cel across the membrane with the assistance
of the sodium-potassium pump
Aerobic - CORRECT ANSWER --chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction between
oxygen and nutrient products such as glucose
Anaerobic - CORRECT ANSWER --process of ATP production that occurs without
oxygen
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER --is the decrease in the size of a cell
-when a limb is immobilized in a cast and active muscle movement is impaired
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER --increase in tropic, or growth, signals which then
causes an increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER --caused by hormone signaling and an increase in
workload
-causes in increase in the number of cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER --changing of one cell type to another
-one way that cells adapt to persistenet stressors
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER --actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity,
arrangement, and structure
-cells response to a chronic and persistent stressor and is likely to resolve when the stressor is
removed
Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWER --physiologic and pathologic cell response to a
"cellular suicide"
-programmed cell death prompted by a genetic signal and is designed to replace old cells with
new
Necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER --disorderly process associated with inflammation
-death of cells related to cell injury
, Ischemia outcome - CORRECT ANSWER --decreased oxygen supply to the cell
Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER --result from failure in the delivery of oxygen to cells
-ex. problems with blood flow to the brain
Stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER --self renewal: can undergo numerous mitotic divisions
-asymmetric replication
-differential potential
-embryonic stem cells hold the potential for broad differentiation
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER --particles from an area of higher concentration to lower
concentration
-concentration gradient
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER --process by which water passively moves across the
semipermeable cell membrane
-osmotic pressure
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWER --require energy when transporting particles
across the cell membrane
-common example: movement of sodium out of the cel across the membrane with the assistance
of the sodium-potassium pump
Aerobic - CORRECT ANSWER --chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction between
oxygen and nutrient products such as glucose
Anaerobic - CORRECT ANSWER --process of ATP production that occurs without
oxygen
