BIO 250 Quiz 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Chapter 5: - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone Tissue & The Skeletal System
List the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System: - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Movement
2. Supports the body
3. Protects internal organs (e.i. Skull protecting the brain)
4. Produce blood cells
5. Store and release minerals and fat
Yellow marrow vs. Red marrow - CORRECT ANSWER - Yellow Marrow = fat cells,
cartilage, and bones, functions for fat and energy storage
(can turn into red marrow when losing too much blood)
Red marrow = hematopoiesis - production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What are the parts to the long bone? - CORRECT ANSWER - Two main parts:
diaphysis - shaft/middle area
epiphysis - the ends of each side of the long bone, spongy bone with red marrow
metaphysis - area at the end of bone before the epiphysis, that grows
- location of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
medullary cavity - hollow/middle area of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
epiphyseal plate vs. epiphyseal line - CORRECT ANSWER - Epiphyseal plate = growth
zone, contains cartilage to grow bone
,Epiphyseal line = replaces the epiphyseal plate after it stops producing bone
Whats an Osteon? and whats it composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER - - the structural
unit of compact bone (haversian system)
- circular shape
Composed of:
1. central canal - middle containing blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels
2. lamella - rings of calcified matrix that osteons are surrounded by
3. lacuna - gaps
4. osteocytes - maintain the bone tissue black dots
5. canaliculi - lines/lined passageways that come from the central canal and go through the
lacunae
5 Categories of Bone Based on Shape: - CORRECT ANSWER - Long, Short, Flat,
Irregular, Sesamoid
Long Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: cylinder-like shape
Function: leverage
Location:
Limb bones
- femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges
Short Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: cube-shape
Function: provide stability, support, allowing for some movement
, Location: wrists/ankles (carpals, tarsals)
Flat Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: thin and curved
Function: Points of attachment for muscles, protectors of internal organs
Location:
sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial (brain) bones
Irregular Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: Complex shape
Function: Protect internal organs
Location: vertebrae/spinal cord, facial bones
Sesamoid Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: small & round in the tendons
Function: protect tendons from force
Location: Patellae, big toe joint of foot
4 Types of Cells in Bone Tissue: - CORRECT ANSWER - Osteogenic cells (OG) - stem
cell, develops into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts (OB) - forms bone matrix/new bone
Osteocytes (OC) - maintain bone tissue/matrix
Osteoclasts (OCL) - break bone down, remodeling of bone
Different Types of Bone Fractures (8):
Fracture - broken bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Transverse - Horizontal line is straight
across the bone
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Chapter 5: - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone Tissue & The Skeletal System
List the 5 Functions of the Skeletal System: - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Movement
2. Supports the body
3. Protects internal organs (e.i. Skull protecting the brain)
4. Produce blood cells
5. Store and release minerals and fat
Yellow marrow vs. Red marrow - CORRECT ANSWER - Yellow Marrow = fat cells,
cartilage, and bones, functions for fat and energy storage
(can turn into red marrow when losing too much blood)
Red marrow = hematopoiesis - production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What are the parts to the long bone? - CORRECT ANSWER - Two main parts:
diaphysis - shaft/middle area
epiphysis - the ends of each side of the long bone, spongy bone with red marrow
metaphysis - area at the end of bone before the epiphysis, that grows
- location of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
medullary cavity - hollow/middle area of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow
epiphyseal plate vs. epiphyseal line - CORRECT ANSWER - Epiphyseal plate = growth
zone, contains cartilage to grow bone
,Epiphyseal line = replaces the epiphyseal plate after it stops producing bone
Whats an Osteon? and whats it composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER - - the structural
unit of compact bone (haversian system)
- circular shape
Composed of:
1. central canal - middle containing blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels
2. lamella - rings of calcified matrix that osteons are surrounded by
3. lacuna - gaps
4. osteocytes - maintain the bone tissue black dots
5. canaliculi - lines/lined passageways that come from the central canal and go through the
lacunae
5 Categories of Bone Based on Shape: - CORRECT ANSWER - Long, Short, Flat,
Irregular, Sesamoid
Long Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: cylinder-like shape
Function: leverage
Location:
Limb bones
- femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges
Short Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: cube-shape
Function: provide stability, support, allowing for some movement
, Location: wrists/ankles (carpals, tarsals)
Flat Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: thin and curved
Function: Points of attachment for muscles, protectors of internal organs
Location:
sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial (brain) bones
Irregular Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: Complex shape
Function: Protect internal organs
Location: vertebrae/spinal cord, facial bones
Sesamoid Bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Shape: small & round in the tendons
Function: protect tendons from force
Location: Patellae, big toe joint of foot
4 Types of Cells in Bone Tissue: - CORRECT ANSWER - Osteogenic cells (OG) - stem
cell, develops into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts (OB) - forms bone matrix/new bone
Osteocytes (OC) - maintain bone tissue/matrix
Osteoclasts (OCL) - break bone down, remodeling of bone
Different Types of Bone Fractures (8):
Fracture - broken bone - CORRECT ANSWER - Transverse - Horizontal line is straight
across the bone
