TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON

TEST BANK g h




TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
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gh INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH EDITION
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BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
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,Chapter 1 Test A
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MULTIPLE CHOICE gh




INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
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working more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years
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ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an
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activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and
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growing.
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a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
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d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh




ANS: g h D PTS: g h g h 2

2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
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metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
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pressure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults),
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heme production (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium
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in the reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think
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and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" gh gh gh gh gh gh



a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. gh gh gh gh



c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
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ANS: g h C PTS: g h g h 2

3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose
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the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
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emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who
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have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right
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rule" whatever the situation.
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David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice gh gh gh gh gh gh


a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue
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itself.
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c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
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d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



e. Nonargument.
ANS: g h E PTS: g h g h 2

4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income
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tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount
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these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings
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1

, ghof their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that
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ghillegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
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a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh


live. gh


b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh


pay. gh


c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



e. Nonargument.

ANS: g h A PTS: g h g h 2

5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
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arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely
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to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
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significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
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both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
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same offenses than black women.
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Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh


prison. gh




ANS: g h B PTS: g h g h 2

6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are
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criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected
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PCs. Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in
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committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using
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these zombie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
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a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh


PCs. gh


b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh




ANS: g h E PTS: g h g h 2

7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made
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through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect
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the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for
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planetologists.
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Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy gh gh gh gh gh



a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh




ANS: g h C PTS: g h g h 2

8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
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2

, communities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of
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traditional medicines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be
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halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in
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the wild will be averted.
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a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. gh gh gh gh gh gh



d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh


averted.
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ANS: g h A PTS: g h g h 2

9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
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understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we
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feel, learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
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neurons communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior
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and mental processing.
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Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction gh gh gh gh gh


a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. gh gh gh gh gh



c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. gh gh gh gh gh gh gh gh



e. Nonargument.
ANS: g h D PTS: g h g h 2

10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
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nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
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organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
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stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause
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disease.
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Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations gh gh gh gh gh gh



a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
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b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
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d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause
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disease.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
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ANS: g h B PTS: g h g h 2

11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global
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warming problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the
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wind down by 82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as
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new photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly
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into electricity. Today the costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty
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coal-fired plants.
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Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" gh gh gh gh



a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
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c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
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d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
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