ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW NR507

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW NR507 Glomerulonephritis - correct answers-The glomerular-capillaries can trap blood-borne Ab & Ag-Ab complexes - Causes: PRIMARY: infection, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders, ischemia, immunologic responses, free radicals. SECONDARY: DM, CHF, HIV, Lupus Triggering event (infection)- Ag-Ab complex formation & deposition in glomerulus- Activation of complement system & WBC infiltration- Glomerular injury & leakage- Proteinuria/hematuria- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria OR after glomerular injury & leakage- Coagulation cascade activation & FIbrin deposition- Decreased capillary perfusion- decreased GFR- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria S1 - correct answers--Closing of mitral and tricuspid valve - Beginning of systole S2 - correct answers-- Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve - End of systole Valvular stenosis - correct answers-the valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding the forward flow of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal to the diseased valve. Intraventricular or atrial pressure increases in the chamber to overcome resistance to flow through the valve. Increased pressure causes the myocardium to work harder, causing myocardial hypertrophy. Aortic stenosis - correct answers-- LV hypertrophy - L heart failure - Pulmonary edema