Cardiac System NURS 360 Questions With Complete
Solutions
acyanotic congenital heart defects Correct Answers - Patent
Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
o Failure of closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus
o Clinical manifestations
§ Widened pulse pressure, bounding peripheral pulses, thrill at
left sternal border
§ Murmur: systolic and diastolic harsh, grinding sound
aneurysm Correct Answers o Localized dilation of artery
caused by weakness in arterial wall
o Can occur anywhere along aorta and iliac vessels
o Clinical findings
§ Depend on location of aneurysm
· A thrill or bruit may be noted over aneurysms
§ Abdominal aortic aneurysm
· Most common
§ Thoracic
· Asymptomatic with deep, diffuse chest pain
§ Aorta and aortic arch aneurysms
· Hoarseness from pressure on laryngeal nerve or dysphagia
from pressure on esophagus
· A pulsatile mass may be palpated in periumbilical area
angina pectoris Correct Answers o Defined: chest pain caused
by myocardial ischemia
o Causes
§ Reduced blood flow
§ Demand for oxygen is greater than supply
, o Classifications
§ Stable angina
· Most common angina
· Pain precipitated by exertion and relieved with rest or
vasodilation
o Predictable
§ Unstable angina
· Prolonged or recurrent pain
o Unpredictable
· High risk for MI
arteries Correct Answers carry oxygenated blood via
branching blood vessels to capillary beds --> gas and nutrient
exchange occurs
exception: pulmonary artery
arterioles: smallest arteriole branches
assess general appearance Correct Answers skin color,
breathing effort
normal: relaxed, appropriate skin color, unlabored breathing
abnormal: tense, dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis,
pallor, tenting, pitting edema
assess heart rate Correct Answers Normal: 60-100 beats per
minute
Abnormal: less than 60 or greater than 100 beats per minute
assess pitch Correct Answers quality of sound
Use diaphragm, then bell
§ Low vs. high pitch
o Normal: S2 is higher pitched
Solutions
acyanotic congenital heart defects Correct Answers - Patent
Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
o Failure of closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus
o Clinical manifestations
§ Widened pulse pressure, bounding peripheral pulses, thrill at
left sternal border
§ Murmur: systolic and diastolic harsh, grinding sound
aneurysm Correct Answers o Localized dilation of artery
caused by weakness in arterial wall
o Can occur anywhere along aorta and iliac vessels
o Clinical findings
§ Depend on location of aneurysm
· A thrill or bruit may be noted over aneurysms
§ Abdominal aortic aneurysm
· Most common
§ Thoracic
· Asymptomatic with deep, diffuse chest pain
§ Aorta and aortic arch aneurysms
· Hoarseness from pressure on laryngeal nerve or dysphagia
from pressure on esophagus
· A pulsatile mass may be palpated in periumbilical area
angina pectoris Correct Answers o Defined: chest pain caused
by myocardial ischemia
o Causes
§ Reduced blood flow
§ Demand for oxygen is greater than supply
, o Classifications
§ Stable angina
· Most common angina
· Pain precipitated by exertion and relieved with rest or
vasodilation
o Predictable
§ Unstable angina
· Prolonged or recurrent pain
o Unpredictable
· High risk for MI
arteries Correct Answers carry oxygenated blood via
branching blood vessels to capillary beds --> gas and nutrient
exchange occurs
exception: pulmonary artery
arterioles: smallest arteriole branches
assess general appearance Correct Answers skin color,
breathing effort
normal: relaxed, appropriate skin color, unlabored breathing
abnormal: tense, dyspnea, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis,
pallor, tenting, pitting edema
assess heart rate Correct Answers Normal: 60-100 beats per
minute
Abnormal: less than 60 or greater than 100 beats per minute
assess pitch Correct Answers quality of sound
Use diaphragm, then bell
§ Low vs. high pitch
o Normal: S2 is higher pitched
