C.A.L.T Exam
Alexia - The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury.
Apasia - Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.
Articulation u- uThe uact uor umanner uof uproducing usounds.
Echolalia u- uImitation uof uthe umother's usounds, urhythm uand utone.
Hyperlexia u- uThe usuperior uability uto ureads uwords uwithout ucomprehension.
Lexicon u- uAn uinventory uof uword uknowledge, ueither uspoken uor uwritten. uEX: udictionary,
uencyclopedia
Otitis uMedia u- uInflammation uof uthe umiddle uear uthat ucan ulead uto utemporary
uconductive uhearing uloss uor upermanent uhearing uloss.
Receptive uLanguage uDisorder u- uThe uinability uto uunderstand uor ucomprehend
ulanguage uheard uor uread.
Expressive uLanguage uDisorder u- uThe uinability uto uput uthoughts uinto uwords uor
usentences uin uways uthat umake usense uand uis ugrammatically ucorrect.
Phonology u- uSmallest uunit uof usound. uThe usounds uof uletters. uEx: uCat=3 uphonemes
u(c) u(a) u(t).
Syntax u- uThe ugrammar usystem uof ulanguage. uThe uway uwords uare ustrung utogether.
uEx: uwords uand upunctuation uto uform usentences, uclauses uor uphrases.
Semantics u- uWord umeaning uin ulanguage. uEx: ufinal udestination u= ulast ustop
Discourse u- uWritten uor uspoken ucommunication uor udebate. uEx: uFormal uwriting, ua
uspeech.
Morphology u- uThe usmallest uunit uof ulanguage uthat uconvey umeaning. uEx: uRoot uwords
Pragmatics u- uIncapable uof uunderstanding uthe uspeakers uintent u(requests uand
utones) uEx: uCan't uyou uturn udown uthe uT.V.? u= umeans uno; unot uyes.
Alphabetic uLanguage u- uA ulanguage uin uwhich uletters uare uused usystematically uto
urepresent uspeech usounds.
Alphabetic uPrinciple u- uThe uuse uof uletters uand uletter uclusters uto urepresent uphonemes uin
uan uorthography. u(spelling)
Anglo uSaxon u- uThe ulanguage uof uthe uGermanic upeoples u(Angles, uSaxons uand
uJutes) uwho usettles uin uBritain uin uthe u5th uand u6th ucenturies. uIt uwas uthe udominant
ulanguage uin uBritain uuntil uthe uNorman uConquest uin u1066.
, C.A.L.T Exam
Analytic uInstruction u- uInstruction uthat useparates uthe uwhole uinto uits uparts uto ureveal uits
urelationships. u(Whole uto uPart) u(Top uDown) u(Concept udriven)
Analytic uPhonics u- uStudents uhear uthe uwhole uword uand usegment uinto uphonemes
uor usounds uin uorder uto uspell. u(whole uto upart) uEx: uPit u= u(p) u(i) u(t)
Antonyms u- uWords uthat uare uopposite uin umeaning. u(semantics)
Arbitrary uLearning u- uNew ulearning uthat uhas uno ulogical uconnection uto ualready uacquired
uknowledge uor upractical urelationships.
Auditory u- urelating uto uor uexperienced uthrough uhearing.
Visual uAcuity u- uSharpness uof uvision, umeasured uby uthe uability uto udiscern uletters uor
unumbers uat ua ugiven udistance uaccording uto ua ufixed ustandard. uEX: u20/20 uvision
Bottom-up uProcess u- uTheoretical uview uof ureading uas ua uprocess uthat uconsists uof
uaccurate usequential ureading uof uevery uword. uComprehension uis uviewed uas utext udriven
urather uthan uconcept udriven. u(Part uto uwhole) u(Start ufrom uthe ubottom)
Concept uDriven uProcess u- uTheoretical uview uof ureading uas ua uprocess uthat uconsists
uof u using uone's uexperiences uand uexpectations uto ureact uto utext. uAlso ucalled utop-
down uprocess. u(Whole uto upart)
Cooperative uLearning u- uInstructional uapproach uin uwhich ustudents uwork utogether
urather uthan ucompete uto usolve ua uproblem uor ucomplete ua utask.Ex: ugroup uwork uor
uPBL
Corrective uFeedback u- uTeacher uresponses uduring uand ufollowing upractice uof ua uskill uthat
uis usensitive uto ua ustudent's ulevel uand uthat uguides uhim uor uher ucloser uto umastery.
Cumulative u- uHaving ua unew ulearning uthat uis ubased uupon upreviously ulearned
uelements. uEx: uBuilding uknowledge uas uwe ugo.
Diagnostic uTeaching u- uTeaching uthat uuses uobservation uand uformal uand uinformal
uassessments uto umeasure ustudent uprogress uagainst uexpected uperformance
ustandards. uSystematic, uguided udiagnoses uof uacademic ubarriers. u(Prescriptive
uteaching)
Direct uInstruction u- uInstruction uthat uis udelivered uwithout uvagueness uor uambiguity,
uleaving uno uquestion uas uto uthe umeaning. u(Explicit uInstruction)
Domains uof uLanguage u- uLanguage usystems. uPhonology, usyntax, umorphology uand
uorthography uare ulanguage usystems uthat udeal uwith uthe uform uof ulanguage.
uSemantics udeals uwith ucontent uof ulang. uand upragmatics udeals uwith uthe uuse uof
ulang.
Alexia - The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury.
Apasia - Impairs the ability to speak and understand others.
Articulation u- uThe uact uor umanner uof uproducing usounds.
Echolalia u- uImitation uof uthe umother's usounds, urhythm uand utone.
Hyperlexia u- uThe usuperior uability uto ureads uwords uwithout ucomprehension.
Lexicon u- uAn uinventory uof uword uknowledge, ueither uspoken uor uwritten. uEX: udictionary,
uencyclopedia
Otitis uMedia u- uInflammation uof uthe umiddle uear uthat ucan ulead uto utemporary
uconductive uhearing uloss uor upermanent uhearing uloss.
Receptive uLanguage uDisorder u- uThe uinability uto uunderstand uor ucomprehend
ulanguage uheard uor uread.
Expressive uLanguage uDisorder u- uThe uinability uto uput uthoughts uinto uwords uor
usentences uin uways uthat umake usense uand uis ugrammatically ucorrect.
Phonology u- uSmallest uunit uof usound. uThe usounds uof uletters. uEx: uCat=3 uphonemes
u(c) u(a) u(t).
Syntax u- uThe ugrammar usystem uof ulanguage. uThe uway uwords uare ustrung utogether.
uEx: uwords uand upunctuation uto uform usentences, uclauses uor uphrases.
Semantics u- uWord umeaning uin ulanguage. uEx: ufinal udestination u= ulast ustop
Discourse u- uWritten uor uspoken ucommunication uor udebate. uEx: uFormal uwriting, ua
uspeech.
Morphology u- uThe usmallest uunit uof ulanguage uthat uconvey umeaning. uEx: uRoot uwords
Pragmatics u- uIncapable uof uunderstanding uthe uspeakers uintent u(requests uand
utones) uEx: uCan't uyou uturn udown uthe uT.V.? u= umeans uno; unot uyes.
Alphabetic uLanguage u- uA ulanguage uin uwhich uletters uare uused usystematically uto
urepresent uspeech usounds.
Alphabetic uPrinciple u- uThe uuse uof uletters uand uletter uclusters uto urepresent uphonemes uin
uan uorthography. u(spelling)
Anglo uSaxon u- uThe ulanguage uof uthe uGermanic upeoples u(Angles, uSaxons uand
uJutes) uwho usettles uin uBritain uin uthe u5th uand u6th ucenturies. uIt uwas uthe udominant
ulanguage uin uBritain uuntil uthe uNorman uConquest uin u1066.
, C.A.L.T Exam
Analytic uInstruction u- uInstruction uthat useparates uthe uwhole uinto uits uparts uto ureveal uits
urelationships. u(Whole uto uPart) u(Top uDown) u(Concept udriven)
Analytic uPhonics u- uStudents uhear uthe uwhole uword uand usegment uinto uphonemes
uor usounds uin uorder uto uspell. u(whole uto upart) uEx: uPit u= u(p) u(i) u(t)
Antonyms u- uWords uthat uare uopposite uin umeaning. u(semantics)
Arbitrary uLearning u- uNew ulearning uthat uhas uno ulogical uconnection uto ualready uacquired
uknowledge uor upractical urelationships.
Auditory u- urelating uto uor uexperienced uthrough uhearing.
Visual uAcuity u- uSharpness uof uvision, umeasured uby uthe uability uto udiscern uletters uor
unumbers uat ua ugiven udistance uaccording uto ua ufixed ustandard. uEX: u20/20 uvision
Bottom-up uProcess u- uTheoretical uview uof ureading uas ua uprocess uthat uconsists uof
uaccurate usequential ureading uof uevery uword. uComprehension uis uviewed uas utext udriven
urather uthan uconcept udriven. u(Part uto uwhole) u(Start ufrom uthe ubottom)
Concept uDriven uProcess u- uTheoretical uview uof ureading uas ua uprocess uthat uconsists
uof u using uone's uexperiences uand uexpectations uto ureact uto utext. uAlso ucalled utop-
down uprocess. u(Whole uto upart)
Cooperative uLearning u- uInstructional uapproach uin uwhich ustudents uwork utogether
urather uthan ucompete uto usolve ua uproblem uor ucomplete ua utask.Ex: ugroup uwork uor
uPBL
Corrective uFeedback u- uTeacher uresponses uduring uand ufollowing upractice uof ua uskill uthat
uis usensitive uto ua ustudent's ulevel uand uthat uguides uhim uor uher ucloser uto umastery.
Cumulative u- uHaving ua unew ulearning uthat uis ubased uupon upreviously ulearned
uelements. uEx: uBuilding uknowledge uas uwe ugo.
Diagnostic uTeaching u- uTeaching uthat uuses uobservation uand uformal uand uinformal
uassessments uto umeasure ustudent uprogress uagainst uexpected uperformance
ustandards. uSystematic, uguided udiagnoses uof uacademic ubarriers. u(Prescriptive
uteaching)
Direct uInstruction u- uInstruction uthat uis udelivered uwithout uvagueness uor uambiguity,
uleaving uno uquestion uas uto uthe umeaning. u(Explicit uInstruction)
Domains uof uLanguage u- uLanguage usystems. uPhonology, usyntax, umorphology uand
uorthography uare ulanguage usystems uthat udeal uwith uthe uform uof ulanguage.
uSemantics udeals uwith ucontent uof ulang. uand upragmatics udeals uwith uthe uuse uof
ulang.
