WGU D236 Patho Study Guide
ii ii ii ii
ii
ii certification latest questions and answers
ii ii ii ii ii
ii
Pressure iithat iiis iidue iito iialbumin iiin iithe iibloodstream? ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-Oncotic
ii
ii
Oncotic ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-a iiform iiof iiosmotic iipressure iiexerted iiby iiproteins ii
ii
In iithe iiblood, ii_____ iiis iithe iimost iicommon iiplasma iiprotein iiand iiis, iitherefore, iia
iiprimary ii
ii
determinant iiof iioncotic iipressure ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-
albumin
ii
_____ iicontrols iiosmotic iipressure iiin iivascular iisystem, iibuilds iivolume ii-
iiCORRECT ii
ii
ANSWER-
Albumin
ii
One iiquestion iiwas iiabout iithe iidifference iiin iichildren iiand iiadult iiimmunity ii-
iiCORRECT ii
ii
ANSWER-Possible iianswer: iinaive iiT
iicells
ii
Learning iicheck iiquestion: iiWhich iidifferences iiin iiimmunity iimake iichildren iiand iiolder
iiadult ii
ii
patients iimore iisusceptible iito iiinfections? iiChoose ii2
iianswers
ii
Younger iipatients iihave iifewer iimemory iicells iito iicombat iiinfection ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iia iidwindling iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iimore iimemory iicells iito iicombat iiinfection ii
ii
Younger iipatients iihave iia iilarge iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iia iilarge iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii- iiCORRECT
iiANSWER-
ii
Younger iipatients iihave iifewer iimemory iicells iito iicombat
iiinfection
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iia iidwindling iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii
ii
Rationale: iiyounger iipatients iihave iinot iibeen iiexposed iito iimany iipathogens, iiwhich
iimeans iithat ii they iihave iifewer iimemory iicells ii than iiadults. iiThe iiprimary iiimmune
,iiresponse iiis iirelatively iiweak iicompared iito iia iisecondary iiresponse iimediated iiby
iimemory iicells. ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iido iinot iihave iias iimany iiT iicells iicompared iito iiyounger iipatients.
iiWhen iithese iipatients iiencounter iinovel iipathogens, iithe iireduced iinumber iiof iinaive iiT
iicells iigives iiclonal iiselection iifewer iiopportunities iito ii"find" iiT iicells iithat iiwill iibe
iieffective. ii
ii
Fluid iiand iielectrolyte iilevels iiare iiregulated iiby ii_______, iiwhich iiregulates iiactions iisuch
iias ii
ii
thirst, iiADH, iithe iikidneys, iiand iiRAAS. ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-
osmoreceptors
ii
Fluid iideficit iicauses ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER--Excessive
iiloss
ii
-Inadequate
iiintake
ii
-Or iicombination iiof
iiboth
ii
Fluid iideficit iirisk iifactors -
ii CORRECT
ii ANSWER--
ii
Vomiting/diarrhea
ii
-Excessive iisweating
ii
-Insufficient iiwater
iiintake
ii
Fluid iideficit iimanifestations ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER--dry iimucous iimembranes ii
-decreased iiskin iiturgor ii
-decreased iiurine iioutput ii
-low iiblood iipressure ii
-tachycardia ii
-confusion ii
ii
ROME iifor iiABGs ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-Respiratory iiOpposite iiMetabolic iiEqual ii
ii
If iipH iiand iipCO2 iiare iimoving iiin iiopposite iidirections, iithen iiit iiis iipCO2 iilevels
iithat iiare ii
ii
causing iithe iiimbalance iiand iiit iiis iirespiratory iiin
iinature
ii
If iithey iiare iimoving iithe iisame iidirection iithen iiit iiis iimetabolic iiin
iinature
ii
Buffers, iirenal iicompensation, iiand iirespiratory iicompensation iihelp iito iimaintain iia
iiblood iipH ii
, ii
of ii_______ ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-7.35-7.45
ii
A iipatient iiwith iia iiviral iiillness iiand iisevere iivomiting iihas iian iielevated iiCO2 iilevel iiand
iia iiblood ii
ii ii
pH iiof ii7.53. iiShe iiis iibreathing iislowly. iiWhat iicondition iidoes iithe iipatient
iihave?
ii
ii
Metabolic ii ii
iialkalosis ii
Metabolic
iiacidosis
ii
Respiratory
iialkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
ii -
ii CORRECT
ii ANSWER-Metabolic
ii
iialkalosis
ii
The iipatient's iipH iiand iiCO2 iilevel iiare iiboth iielevating ii(moving iiin iithe iisame iidirection).
iiThis ii
indicates iimetabolic iialkalosis. iiThe iiCO2 iilevel iiis iihigh iibecause iiher iirespiratory
iisystem iiis ii
ii
attempting iito iicompensate iifor iithe iihigh iipH iiby iiexhaling iiless iiand iiretaining iimore
iiCO2
ii
To iiprevent iichanges iiin iipH, iithe iibody iiemploys iibuffer iisystems. iiThe iibody iiutilizes ii3
iibuffer ii
systems: ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-proteins, iiphosphates, iiand iithe iicarbonic
iiacid-
ii
bicarbonate iisystem
ii
Carbonic iiacid-bicarbonate iisystem iifirst iiline iiof iidefense iiis ii_____, iisecond iiline iiof
iidefense ii
ii
is ii_____ ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-respirations;
iikidneys
ii
Carbonic iiacid-bicarbonate system iiequation
ii -
ii CORRECT
ii ANSWER-The
ii
iiequation ii
ii
moves iiin iiboth
iidirections
ii
CABS iiEquation: ii
When iiCO2 iilevels iiare iielevated, iithe iiequation iimoves ii________, iiforming iimore iiH+
iiand iiHCO3- iiions ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-toward iithe iiright ii
ii
, CABS iiEquation: ii
When iiH+ iiions iiare iielevated, iithe iiequation iimoves ii_____, iias iiH+ iiions iiare iiconverted
iito ii CO2 iiand iithe iiCO2 iiis iiexhaled. ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-toward iithe iileft ii
ii
CO2 iilevels ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-35-45 ii
ii
HCO3 iilevels ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-22-26 ii
ii
Michael's iipulmonary iiedema iileads iito iirespiratory iiacidosis. iiHow iidoes iipH
iiimpact ii
ii ii
Michael's iibasal iimetabolic iipanel? iiChoose ii3
iianswers.
ii
His iiCO2 iilevel iiis iiincreased iibecause iihis iilungs iihave iidifficulty iiremoving iiit
iifrom iithe ii
ii ii
bloodstream.
ii
His iiK+ iiis iielevated iibecause, iias iiH+ iimoves iiinside iiof iicells iiin iian iiattempt iito iiget iiit iiout
iiof iithe ii
ii ii
bloodstream, iiK+ iimoves iifrom iicells iiinto iithe
iibloodstream.
ii
His iisodium iilevel iiis iidecreased iidue iito iihypervolemia. ii ii
ii
His iicalcium iilevel iiis iireduced iibecause iithe iielevated iiconcentration iiof iiH+ iimakes iiit
iieasier ii
ii ii
for iiCa+ iito iibind iito
iialbumin.
ii
His iiCO2 iilevel iiis iidecreased iibecause iihis iilungs iihave iidifficulty iiadding iiit iiinto iithe
iibloodstream ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-His iiCO2 iilevel iiis iiincreased iibecause iihis iilungs
iihave iidifficulty iiremoving iiit iifrom iithe iibloodstream. ii ii
ii
His iiK+ iiis iielevated iibecause, iias iiH+ iimoves iiinside iiof iicells iiin iian iiattempt iito iiget iiit iiout
iiof iithe ii
ii ii
bloodstream, iiK+ iimoves iifrom iicells iiinto iithe
iibloodstream.
ii
His iisodium iilevel iiis iidecreased iidue iito iihypervolemia. ii
ii
There iiis iia iiquestion iiabout iihypoventilation iior iihyperventilation ii- iiCORRECT
iiANSWERMetabolic iiacidosis iipH ii<7.35 ii= iirespirations iiincrease iiin iidepth iiand iirate iito
iiblow iioff iiCO2 ii
ii
Metabolic iialkalosis iipH ii>7.45 ii= iirespirations iislow iidown iito iiincrease iiCO2 iiretention ii
ii
Respiratory iiacidosis ii= iiexcess iiCO2 iihas iiaccumulated iiwhich iiis iigenerating iiH+ ii
ii ii ii ii
ii
ii certification latest questions and answers
ii ii ii ii ii
ii
Pressure iithat iiis iidue iito iialbumin iiin iithe iibloodstream? ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-Oncotic
ii
ii
Oncotic ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-a iiform iiof iiosmotic iipressure iiexerted iiby iiproteins ii
ii
In iithe iiblood, ii_____ iiis iithe iimost iicommon iiplasma iiprotein iiand iiis, iitherefore, iia
iiprimary ii
ii
determinant iiof iioncotic iipressure ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-
albumin
ii
_____ iicontrols iiosmotic iipressure iiin iivascular iisystem, iibuilds iivolume ii-
iiCORRECT ii
ii
ANSWER-
Albumin
ii
One iiquestion iiwas iiabout iithe iidifference iiin iichildren iiand iiadult iiimmunity ii-
iiCORRECT ii
ii
ANSWER-Possible iianswer: iinaive iiT
iicells
ii
Learning iicheck iiquestion: iiWhich iidifferences iiin iiimmunity iimake iichildren iiand iiolder
iiadult ii
ii
patients iimore iisusceptible iito iiinfections? iiChoose ii2
iianswers
ii
Younger iipatients iihave iifewer iimemory iicells iito iicombat iiinfection ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iia iidwindling iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iimore iimemory iicells iito iicombat iiinfection ii
ii
Younger iipatients iihave iia iilarge iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iia iilarge iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii- iiCORRECT
iiANSWER-
ii
Younger iipatients iihave iifewer iimemory iicells iito iicombat
iiinfection
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iihave iia iidwindling iipopulation iiof iinaive iiT iicells ii
ii
Rationale: iiyounger iipatients iihave iinot iibeen iiexposed iito iimany iipathogens, iiwhich
iimeans iithat ii they iihave iifewer iimemory iicells ii than iiadults. iiThe iiprimary iiimmune
,iiresponse iiis iirelatively iiweak iicompared iito iia iisecondary iiresponse iimediated iiby
iimemory iicells. ii
ii
Older iiadult iipatients iido iinot iihave iias iimany iiT iicells iicompared iito iiyounger iipatients.
iiWhen iithese iipatients iiencounter iinovel iipathogens, iithe iireduced iinumber iiof iinaive iiT
iicells iigives iiclonal iiselection iifewer iiopportunities iito ii"find" iiT iicells iithat iiwill iibe
iieffective. ii
ii
Fluid iiand iielectrolyte iilevels iiare iiregulated iiby ii_______, iiwhich iiregulates iiactions iisuch
iias ii
ii
thirst, iiADH, iithe iikidneys, iiand iiRAAS. ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-
osmoreceptors
ii
Fluid iideficit iicauses ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER--Excessive
iiloss
ii
-Inadequate
iiintake
ii
-Or iicombination iiof
iiboth
ii
Fluid iideficit iirisk iifactors -
ii CORRECT
ii ANSWER--
ii
Vomiting/diarrhea
ii
-Excessive iisweating
ii
-Insufficient iiwater
iiintake
ii
Fluid iideficit iimanifestations ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER--dry iimucous iimembranes ii
-decreased iiskin iiturgor ii
-decreased iiurine iioutput ii
-low iiblood iipressure ii
-tachycardia ii
-confusion ii
ii
ROME iifor iiABGs ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-Respiratory iiOpposite iiMetabolic iiEqual ii
ii
If iipH iiand iipCO2 iiare iimoving iiin iiopposite iidirections, iithen iiit iiis iipCO2 iilevels
iithat iiare ii
ii
causing iithe iiimbalance iiand iiit iiis iirespiratory iiin
iinature
ii
If iithey iiare iimoving iithe iisame iidirection iithen iiit iiis iimetabolic iiin
iinature
ii
Buffers, iirenal iicompensation, iiand iirespiratory iicompensation iihelp iito iimaintain iia
iiblood iipH ii
, ii
of ii_______ ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-7.35-7.45
ii
A iipatient iiwith iia iiviral iiillness iiand iisevere iivomiting iihas iian iielevated iiCO2 iilevel iiand
iia iiblood ii
ii ii
pH iiof ii7.53. iiShe iiis iibreathing iislowly. iiWhat iicondition iidoes iithe iipatient
iihave?
ii
ii
Metabolic ii ii
iialkalosis ii
Metabolic
iiacidosis
ii
Respiratory
iialkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
ii -
ii CORRECT
ii ANSWER-Metabolic
ii
iialkalosis
ii
The iipatient's iipH iiand iiCO2 iilevel iiare iiboth iielevating ii(moving iiin iithe iisame iidirection).
iiThis ii
indicates iimetabolic iialkalosis. iiThe iiCO2 iilevel iiis iihigh iibecause iiher iirespiratory
iisystem iiis ii
ii
attempting iito iicompensate iifor iithe iihigh iipH iiby iiexhaling iiless iiand iiretaining iimore
iiCO2
ii
To iiprevent iichanges iiin iipH, iithe iibody iiemploys iibuffer iisystems. iiThe iibody iiutilizes ii3
iibuffer ii
systems: ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-proteins, iiphosphates, iiand iithe iicarbonic
iiacid-
ii
bicarbonate iisystem
ii
Carbonic iiacid-bicarbonate iisystem iifirst iiline iiof iidefense iiis ii_____, iisecond iiline iiof
iidefense ii
ii
is ii_____ ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-respirations;
iikidneys
ii
Carbonic iiacid-bicarbonate system iiequation
ii -
ii CORRECT
ii ANSWER-The
ii
iiequation ii
ii
moves iiin iiboth
iidirections
ii
CABS iiEquation: ii
When iiCO2 iilevels iiare iielevated, iithe iiequation iimoves ii________, iiforming iimore iiH+
iiand iiHCO3- iiions ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-toward iithe iiright ii
ii
, CABS iiEquation: ii
When iiH+ iiions iiare iielevated, iithe iiequation iimoves ii_____, iias iiH+ iiions iiare iiconverted
iito ii CO2 iiand iithe iiCO2 iiis iiexhaled. ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-toward iithe iileft ii
ii
CO2 iilevels ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-35-45 ii
ii
HCO3 iilevels ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-22-26 ii
ii
Michael's iipulmonary iiedema iileads iito iirespiratory iiacidosis. iiHow iidoes iipH
iiimpact ii
ii ii
Michael's iibasal iimetabolic iipanel? iiChoose ii3
iianswers.
ii
His iiCO2 iilevel iiis iiincreased iibecause iihis iilungs iihave iidifficulty iiremoving iiit
iifrom iithe ii
ii ii
bloodstream.
ii
His iiK+ iiis iielevated iibecause, iias iiH+ iimoves iiinside iiof iicells iiin iian iiattempt iito iiget iiit iiout
iiof iithe ii
ii ii
bloodstream, iiK+ iimoves iifrom iicells iiinto iithe
iibloodstream.
ii
His iisodium iilevel iiis iidecreased iidue iito iihypervolemia. ii ii
ii
His iicalcium iilevel iiis iireduced iibecause iithe iielevated iiconcentration iiof iiH+ iimakes iiit
iieasier ii
ii ii
for iiCa+ iito iibind iito
iialbumin.
ii
His iiCO2 iilevel iiis iidecreased iibecause iihis iilungs iihave iidifficulty iiadding iiit iiinto iithe
iibloodstream ii- iiCORRECT iiANSWER-His iiCO2 iilevel iiis iiincreased iibecause iihis iilungs
iihave iidifficulty iiremoving iiit iifrom iithe iibloodstream. ii ii
ii
His iiK+ iiis iielevated iibecause, iias iiH+ iimoves iiinside iiof iicells iiin iian iiattempt iito iiget iiit iiout
iiof iithe ii
ii ii
bloodstream, iiK+ iimoves iifrom iicells iiinto iithe
iibloodstream.
ii
His iisodium iilevel iiis iidecreased iidue iito iihypervolemia. ii
ii
There iiis iia iiquestion iiabout iihypoventilation iior iihyperventilation ii- iiCORRECT
iiANSWERMetabolic iiacidosis iipH ii<7.35 ii= iirespirations iiincrease iiin iidepth iiand iirate iito
iiblow iioff iiCO2 ii
ii
Metabolic iialkalosis iipH ii>7.45 ii= iirespirations iislow iidown iito iiincrease iiCO2 iiretention ii
ii
Respiratory iiacidosis ii= iiexcess iiCO2 iihas iiaccumulated iiwhich iiis iigenerating iiH+ ii
