N136: Exam 2025 With 100% Correct
Answers
In promoting health maintenance for the prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the
highest risk for the most common type of stroke is present in
a. African Americans
b. women who smoke
c.individuals with hypertension and diabetes
d. those who are obese with high dietary fat intake - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: Individuals with
hypertension and diabetes- The highest risk factors for thrombotic stroke are hypertension and
diabetes. African Americans have a higher risk for stroke than do white persons but probably
because they have a greater incidence of hypertension. Factors such as obesity, diet high in
saturated fats and cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol use are also risk factors
but carry less risk than hypertension.
A thrombus that develops in a cerebral artery does not always cause a loss of neurologic
function because
a. the body can dissolve the atherosclerotic plaques as they form
b. some tissues of the brain do not require constant blood supply to prevent damage
c. circulation through the circle of Willis may provide blood supply to the affected area of the
brain
d. neurologic deficits occur only when major arteries are occluded by thrombus formation
around an atherosclerotic plaque - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: Circulation through the circle of
Willis may provide blood supply to the affected area of the brain.
The communication between cerebral arteries in the circle of Willing provides a collateral
circulation, which may maintain circulation to an area of the brain if its original blood supply is
,obstructed. ALl areas of the brain require constant blood supply, and atherosclerotic plaques are
not readily reversed. Neurologic deficits can result from ischemia cause by many factors.
A patient comes to the emergency department immediately after experiencing numbness of the
face and an inability to speak, but while the patient awaits examination, the symptoms
disappear and the patient request discharge. The nurse stresses that it is important for the
patient to be evaluated primarily because
a. the patient has probably experienced an asymptomatic lacunar stroke
b. the symptoms are likely to return and progress to worsening neurologic deficit in the next 24
hours
c. neurologic deficits that are transient occur most often as a result of small hemorrhages that
clot off
d. the patient has probably experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is a sign of
progressive cerebral vascular disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D: The patient has probably
experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is a sign of progressive cerebral vascular
disease- A TIA is a temporary focal loss of neurologic function caused by ischemia of an area of
the brain, usually lasting only about 3 hours. TIAs may be due to microemboli from heart
disease or carotid or cerebral thrombi and are a warning of progressive disease. Evaluation is
necessary to determine the cause of the neurologic deficit and provide prophylactic treatment if
possible.
The neurologic functions that are affected by a stroke are primarily related to
a. the amount of tissue area involved
b. the rapidity of onset of symptoms
c. the brain area perfused by the affected artery
d. the presence or absence of collateral circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: The brain area
perfused by the affected artery- clinical manifestation of altered neurologic function differ,
depending primarily on the specific cerebral artery involved and the area of the brain that is
perfused by the artery. The degree of impairment depends on rapidity of onset, the size of the
lesion, and the presence of collateral circulation.
, A patient is admitted to the hospital with a left hemiplegia. To determine the size and location
and to ascertain whether a stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic, the nurse anticipates that the
health care provider will request a
a. CT scan
b. lumbar puncture
c. cerebral arteriogram
d. positron emission tomography (PET) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A: CT scan- A CT scan is the
most commonly used diagnostic test to determine the size and location of the lesion and to
differentiate a thrombotic stroke from a hemorrhagic stroke. Positron emission tomography
(PET) will show the metabolic activity of the brain and provide a depiction of the extent of tissue
damage after a stroke. Lumbar punctures are not performed routinely because of the chance of
increased intracranial pressure causing herniation. Cerebral arteriograms are invasive and may
dislodge an embolism or cause further hemorrhage; they are performed only when no other
test can provide the needed information.
A carotid endarterectomy is being considered as a treatment for a patient who has had several
TIAs. The nurse explains to the patient that this surgery
a. is used to restore blood to the brain following an obstruction of a cerebral artery
b. involves intracranial surgery to join a superficial extracranial artery to an intracranial artery
c. involves removing an atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery to prevent an impending
stroke
d. is sued to open a stenosis in a carotid artery with a balloon and stent to restore cerebral
circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: Involves removing an atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid
artery to prevent an impending stroke- An endarterectomy is a removal of an atherosclerotic
plaque, and plaque in the carotid artery may impair circulation enough to cause a stroke. A
carotid endarterectomy is performed to prevent a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), as are most
other surgical procedures. An extacranial-intracranial bypass involves cranial surgery to bypass a
sclerotic intacranial artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty uses a balloon to compress
Answers
In promoting health maintenance for the prevention of strokes, the nurse understands that the
highest risk for the most common type of stroke is present in
a. African Americans
b. women who smoke
c.individuals with hypertension and diabetes
d. those who are obese with high dietary fat intake - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: Individuals with
hypertension and diabetes- The highest risk factors for thrombotic stroke are hypertension and
diabetes. African Americans have a higher risk for stroke than do white persons but probably
because they have a greater incidence of hypertension. Factors such as obesity, diet high in
saturated fats and cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and excessive alcohol use are also risk factors
but carry less risk than hypertension.
A thrombus that develops in a cerebral artery does not always cause a loss of neurologic
function because
a. the body can dissolve the atherosclerotic plaques as they form
b. some tissues of the brain do not require constant blood supply to prevent damage
c. circulation through the circle of Willis may provide blood supply to the affected area of the
brain
d. neurologic deficits occur only when major arteries are occluded by thrombus formation
around an atherosclerotic plaque - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: Circulation through the circle of
Willis may provide blood supply to the affected area of the brain.
The communication between cerebral arteries in the circle of Willing provides a collateral
circulation, which may maintain circulation to an area of the brain if its original blood supply is
,obstructed. ALl areas of the brain require constant blood supply, and atherosclerotic plaques are
not readily reversed. Neurologic deficits can result from ischemia cause by many factors.
A patient comes to the emergency department immediately after experiencing numbness of the
face and an inability to speak, but while the patient awaits examination, the symptoms
disappear and the patient request discharge. The nurse stresses that it is important for the
patient to be evaluated primarily because
a. the patient has probably experienced an asymptomatic lacunar stroke
b. the symptoms are likely to return and progress to worsening neurologic deficit in the next 24
hours
c. neurologic deficits that are transient occur most often as a result of small hemorrhages that
clot off
d. the patient has probably experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is a sign of
progressive cerebral vascular disease - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔D: The patient has probably
experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is a sign of progressive cerebral vascular
disease- A TIA is a temporary focal loss of neurologic function caused by ischemia of an area of
the brain, usually lasting only about 3 hours. TIAs may be due to microemboli from heart
disease or carotid or cerebral thrombi and are a warning of progressive disease. Evaluation is
necessary to determine the cause of the neurologic deficit and provide prophylactic treatment if
possible.
The neurologic functions that are affected by a stroke are primarily related to
a. the amount of tissue area involved
b. the rapidity of onset of symptoms
c. the brain area perfused by the affected artery
d. the presence or absence of collateral circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: The brain area
perfused by the affected artery- clinical manifestation of altered neurologic function differ,
depending primarily on the specific cerebral artery involved and the area of the brain that is
perfused by the artery. The degree of impairment depends on rapidity of onset, the size of the
lesion, and the presence of collateral circulation.
, A patient is admitted to the hospital with a left hemiplegia. To determine the size and location
and to ascertain whether a stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic, the nurse anticipates that the
health care provider will request a
a. CT scan
b. lumbar puncture
c. cerebral arteriogram
d. positron emission tomography (PET) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A: CT scan- A CT scan is the
most commonly used diagnostic test to determine the size and location of the lesion and to
differentiate a thrombotic stroke from a hemorrhagic stroke. Positron emission tomography
(PET) will show the metabolic activity of the brain and provide a depiction of the extent of tissue
damage after a stroke. Lumbar punctures are not performed routinely because of the chance of
increased intracranial pressure causing herniation. Cerebral arteriograms are invasive and may
dislodge an embolism or cause further hemorrhage; they are performed only when no other
test can provide the needed information.
A carotid endarterectomy is being considered as a treatment for a patient who has had several
TIAs. The nurse explains to the patient that this surgery
a. is used to restore blood to the brain following an obstruction of a cerebral artery
b. involves intracranial surgery to join a superficial extracranial artery to an intracranial artery
c. involves removing an atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery to prevent an impending
stroke
d. is sued to open a stenosis in a carotid artery with a balloon and stent to restore cerebral
circulation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔C: Involves removing an atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid
artery to prevent an impending stroke- An endarterectomy is a removal of an atherosclerotic
plaque, and plaque in the carotid artery may impair circulation enough to cause a stroke. A
carotid endarterectomy is performed to prevent a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), as are most
other surgical procedures. An extacranial-intracranial bypass involves cranial surgery to bypass a
sclerotic intacranial artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty uses a balloon to compress
