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NU 327 EXAM 3 Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: What is the primary function of the lungs?, 🗹🗹: gas exchange
Q: ________ is transported to the body tissues., 🗹🗹: Oxygen
Q: __________ a waste product, is transported out of the body, 🗹🗹: Carbon dioxide
Q: The exchange of these gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) take place where?, 🗹🗹:
alveolar-capillary membrane
Q: upper airway structures include, 🗹🗹: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Q: lower airway structures include, 🗹🗹: larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchipulmonary
segments, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, acinus
Q: nasal cavity, 🗹🗹: conducts gases to and from the lungs, and filters, warms, and
humidifies the air. rigid box composed of two-thirds cartilage and one-third bone, which
prevents collapse during movement of air.
Q: vibrissae, 🗹🗹: large hairs of the nasal cavity
Q: cilia, 🗹🗹: sweep foreign particles trapped by mucus into the nasopharynx, where
they are swallowed or expectorated. They line the trachea and bronchi, defense against
"invaders" and produce cough reflex.
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Q: How is ciliary function impaired?, 🗹🗹: smoking, alcohol ingestion, hypothermia,
hyperthermia, cold air, low humidity, starvation, anesthetics, corticosteroids, noxious
gases, the common cold, and increased mucus production
Q: larynx, 🗹🗹: the transition area between the upper and lower airways. contains
epiglottis, vocal chords and cartilages.
Q: 300 million, 🗹🗹: Adult lungs contain how many alveoli?
Q: alveoli, 🗹🗹: grapelike clusters of air filled sacs that are responsible for gas
exchange
Q: Type II, 🗹🗹: alveolar cell that produces surfactant
Q: Type I, 🗹🗹: alveolar cell that lowers surface tension and facilitates gas exchange
Q: Right lung, 🗹🗹: consists of upper, middle, and lower lobes
Q: Left lung, 🗹🗹: consists of upper and lower lobes
Q: bronchial artery system, 🗹🗹: supplies a small amount of oxygenated blood to the
pleura and lung tissues
Q: pulmonary artery system, 🗹🗹: provides a vast capillary network for O2 and CO2
exchange. Pulmonary artery trunk leaves RV with unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart
Q: T, 🗹🗹: T/F Filtration of fluid through pulmonary capillaries is influenced by
hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure in the same way as other capillaries
Q: T, 🗹🗹: T/F Excessive filtration can lead to pulmonary edema, which interferes
with normal gas exchange.
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Q: Ventilation, 🗹🗹: the process of moving air into the lungs and distributing air
within the lungs to gas exchange units (alveoli) for maintenance of oxygenation and
removal of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Q: Where is the neural control of the respiratory system located?, 🗹🗹: medulla
oblongata and pons (respiratory center of the brain)
Q: central chemoreceptors, 🗹🗹: within the medullary center respond to changes in
CO2 level and pH
Q: peripheral chemoreceptors, 🗹🗹: located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies
respond primarily to decreases in arterial O2 concentration
Q: Hering-Breuer reflex, 🗹🗹: involves stretch receptors located in the alveolar septa,
bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflation of the lung initiates the response that sends neuronal
impulses up the vagus nerve to the medulla to cause inhibition of inspiration. Therefore,
the rate and duration of inspiration are affected. This reflex is primarily seen in
neonates (less so in adults) and at high tidal volumes (greater than 1500 ml) and
prevents overinflation of the lung
Q: proprioceptors, 🗹🗹: located in the muscles and tendons of movable joints
respond to body movement (exercise)
Q: baroreceptors, 🗹🗹: located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries respond to
changes in blood pressure
Q: perfusion, 🗹🗹: blood flow to alveoli (affected by gravity)
Q: uneven distributed perfusion is due to what factors, 🗹🗹: Body position
Exercise
Lung zones
NU 327 EXAM 3 Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: What is the primary function of the lungs?, 🗹🗹: gas exchange
Q: ________ is transported to the body tissues., 🗹🗹: Oxygen
Q: __________ a waste product, is transported out of the body, 🗹🗹: Carbon dioxide
Q: The exchange of these gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) take place where?, 🗹🗹:
alveolar-capillary membrane
Q: upper airway structures include, 🗹🗹: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Q: lower airway structures include, 🗹🗹: larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchipulmonary
segments, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, acinus
Q: nasal cavity, 🗹🗹: conducts gases to and from the lungs, and filters, warms, and
humidifies the air. rigid box composed of two-thirds cartilage and one-third bone, which
prevents collapse during movement of air.
Q: vibrissae, 🗹🗹: large hairs of the nasal cavity
Q: cilia, 🗹🗹: sweep foreign particles trapped by mucus into the nasopharynx, where
they are swallowed or expectorated. They line the trachea and bronchi, defense against
"invaders" and produce cough reflex.
, Page | 2
Q: How is ciliary function impaired?, 🗹🗹: smoking, alcohol ingestion, hypothermia,
hyperthermia, cold air, low humidity, starvation, anesthetics, corticosteroids, noxious
gases, the common cold, and increased mucus production
Q: larynx, 🗹🗹: the transition area between the upper and lower airways. contains
epiglottis, vocal chords and cartilages.
Q: 300 million, 🗹🗹: Adult lungs contain how many alveoli?
Q: alveoli, 🗹🗹: grapelike clusters of air filled sacs that are responsible for gas
exchange
Q: Type II, 🗹🗹: alveolar cell that produces surfactant
Q: Type I, 🗹🗹: alveolar cell that lowers surface tension and facilitates gas exchange
Q: Right lung, 🗹🗹: consists of upper, middle, and lower lobes
Q: Left lung, 🗹🗹: consists of upper and lower lobes
Q: bronchial artery system, 🗹🗹: supplies a small amount of oxygenated blood to the
pleura and lung tissues
Q: pulmonary artery system, 🗹🗹: provides a vast capillary network for O2 and CO2
exchange. Pulmonary artery trunk leaves RV with unoxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart
Q: T, 🗹🗹: T/F Filtration of fluid through pulmonary capillaries is influenced by
hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure in the same way as other capillaries
Q: T, 🗹🗹: T/F Excessive filtration can lead to pulmonary edema, which interferes
with normal gas exchange.
, Page | 3
Q: Ventilation, 🗹🗹: the process of moving air into the lungs and distributing air
within the lungs to gas exchange units (alveoli) for maintenance of oxygenation and
removal of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Q: Where is the neural control of the respiratory system located?, 🗹🗹: medulla
oblongata and pons (respiratory center of the brain)
Q: central chemoreceptors, 🗹🗹: within the medullary center respond to changes in
CO2 level and pH
Q: peripheral chemoreceptors, 🗹🗹: located in the aortic arch and carotid bodies
respond primarily to decreases in arterial O2 concentration
Q: Hering-Breuer reflex, 🗹🗹: involves stretch receptors located in the alveolar septa,
bronchi, and bronchioles. Inflation of the lung initiates the response that sends neuronal
impulses up the vagus nerve to the medulla to cause inhibition of inspiration. Therefore,
the rate and duration of inspiration are affected. This reflex is primarily seen in
neonates (less so in adults) and at high tidal volumes (greater than 1500 ml) and
prevents overinflation of the lung
Q: proprioceptors, 🗹🗹: located in the muscles and tendons of movable joints
respond to body movement (exercise)
Q: baroreceptors, 🗹🗹: located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries respond to
changes in blood pressure
Q: perfusion, 🗹🗹: blood flow to alveoli (affected by gravity)
Q: uneven distributed perfusion is due to what factors, 🗹🗹: Body position
Exercise
Lung zones
