STATISTICS
1. Van wat is power afhankelijk?
power = 1-
= probability type 2 error: Ha is true, and we do not reject H0.
depends on:
o type 1 error ( , power , but set on 5%
o true difference 1- 2 ( , power
o variance between experimental units 2 ( , power
o sample size n ( , power
2. Significantie versus relevantie?
3. Hoe vereiste power bekomen?
sample size
relevant difference
variance by more precise measurements
variance by repeated measures
variance by experimental design
GENETIC STANDARDIZATION
4. Titles of slides are questions for chapter „Genetic standardization‟
5. Penetrance and expressivity
penetrance: % individuals with a certain genotype that show the expected
phenotype
expressivity: variation in phenotype amongst animals with the same genotype
major gene is influenced by modifying genes and/or the environment
6. Factors that counteract genetic variation
the effective population is mostly relatively small > inbreeding
genetic drift: can lead to allele fixation in small populations
founder effect
bottlenecks
,7. Emigration, immigration, balance
emigration: ¼ of the males is replaced in the production colonies every 3years
immigration: 3 new breeding pairs introduced each year from consecutive
production colonies
when emigration is too low: P colonies become genetically different from each
other and from the nucleus colony
when emigration nis too high: management of the nucleus is in danger
when immigration is too low: inbreeding in nucleus enhances
when immigration is too high: genetic composition of nucleus fluctuates too
much
8. Comparison inbred-F1 hybrid-outbred
9. Embryo banking
why?
o prevent extinction of inbred strains
o prevent genetic drift
o flexibility in available strains
o reduction in costs of maintaining the population
8 cell embryos
testing viability by transfer in surrogate mothers
% survival is strongly dependent on vitality of the strains
on average 20-30% of embryos shows normal development
LEGISLATION*
10. Welke aspecten van proefdierengebruik zullen in de nabije toekomst in de Belgische
wetgeving vastgelegd worden?
Annex A van ETS 123 Belgisch RD
aanpassing van richtlijn 86/609/EC RD 2013
o ethische commitées
o educatie: meer specificaties
o inclusie van dieren humaan gedood voor weefselstalen/ organen
o verplichting tot regelmatige externe controle van labo‟s
o inclusie van foetale/embryonale stadia (nu: alles in laatste derde van de
zwangerschap)
, o inclusie decapoda/cephalopoda (kreeften, octopus)
o kweken en gebruik van transgene dieren
nationaal:
o aanpassing van RD 14 nov 93
use of animals for development of tobacco products forbidden (RD 2008)
use of great apes in animal experiments forbidden (RD 2009)
11. Relatie tussen 3R principe en Europese/Belgische wetgeving?
law 14/08/1986: animal protection and animal welfare
implentation by RD of 29/05/2013
overview Belgian legislation
o general organisation and control
procedures for laboratory/breed recognition
origin of experimental animals
registration within laboratory
statistical data
o ethics and welfare
training and education of personnel
expert for animal welfare
animal welfare body
local ethical committee
nation ethical committee (deontological committee)
o 3R principle ~ alternative methods
only animal use of no other possibility (ETS 123, law ‟86)
replacement
in vitro models
reduction
no duplication of experiment
optimal numbers of animals
refinement
optimal housing and care
daily control of animals
suffering and distress
no double use in P3 experiment
12. specificaties over educatie van personen die met proefdieren werken
vermeld door EU-directive, wet van 86 en RD 2013
onder verantwoordelijkheid van dierenarts
4 categorien van personen die met proefdieren werken
o FELASA
A,B,D,C: onder revisie
o Belgisch RD:
A1: basis verzoring
A2: speciale verzorging
B: voeren experimenten uit
C: leiden experimenten
D: niet vernoemd in Belgische wetgeving
EU
1. Van wat is power afhankelijk?
power = 1-
= probability type 2 error: Ha is true, and we do not reject H0.
depends on:
o type 1 error ( , power , but set on 5%
o true difference 1- 2 ( , power
o variance between experimental units 2 ( , power
o sample size n ( , power
2. Significantie versus relevantie?
3. Hoe vereiste power bekomen?
sample size
relevant difference
variance by more precise measurements
variance by repeated measures
variance by experimental design
GENETIC STANDARDIZATION
4. Titles of slides are questions for chapter „Genetic standardization‟
5. Penetrance and expressivity
penetrance: % individuals with a certain genotype that show the expected
phenotype
expressivity: variation in phenotype amongst animals with the same genotype
major gene is influenced by modifying genes and/or the environment
6. Factors that counteract genetic variation
the effective population is mostly relatively small > inbreeding
genetic drift: can lead to allele fixation in small populations
founder effect
bottlenecks
,7. Emigration, immigration, balance
emigration: ¼ of the males is replaced in the production colonies every 3years
immigration: 3 new breeding pairs introduced each year from consecutive
production colonies
when emigration is too low: P colonies become genetically different from each
other and from the nucleus colony
when emigration nis too high: management of the nucleus is in danger
when immigration is too low: inbreeding in nucleus enhances
when immigration is too high: genetic composition of nucleus fluctuates too
much
8. Comparison inbred-F1 hybrid-outbred
9. Embryo banking
why?
o prevent extinction of inbred strains
o prevent genetic drift
o flexibility in available strains
o reduction in costs of maintaining the population
8 cell embryos
testing viability by transfer in surrogate mothers
% survival is strongly dependent on vitality of the strains
on average 20-30% of embryos shows normal development
LEGISLATION*
10. Welke aspecten van proefdierengebruik zullen in de nabije toekomst in de Belgische
wetgeving vastgelegd worden?
Annex A van ETS 123 Belgisch RD
aanpassing van richtlijn 86/609/EC RD 2013
o ethische commitées
o educatie: meer specificaties
o inclusie van dieren humaan gedood voor weefselstalen/ organen
o verplichting tot regelmatige externe controle van labo‟s
o inclusie van foetale/embryonale stadia (nu: alles in laatste derde van de
zwangerschap)
, o inclusie decapoda/cephalopoda (kreeften, octopus)
o kweken en gebruik van transgene dieren
nationaal:
o aanpassing van RD 14 nov 93
use of animals for development of tobacco products forbidden (RD 2008)
use of great apes in animal experiments forbidden (RD 2009)
11. Relatie tussen 3R principe en Europese/Belgische wetgeving?
law 14/08/1986: animal protection and animal welfare
implentation by RD of 29/05/2013
overview Belgian legislation
o general organisation and control
procedures for laboratory/breed recognition
origin of experimental animals
registration within laboratory
statistical data
o ethics and welfare
training and education of personnel
expert for animal welfare
animal welfare body
local ethical committee
nation ethical committee (deontological committee)
o 3R principle ~ alternative methods
only animal use of no other possibility (ETS 123, law ‟86)
replacement
in vitro models
reduction
no duplication of experiment
optimal numbers of animals
refinement
optimal housing and care
daily control of animals
suffering and distress
no double use in P3 experiment
12. specificaties over educatie van personen die met proefdieren werken
vermeld door EU-directive, wet van 86 en RD 2013
onder verantwoordelijkheid van dierenarts
4 categorien van personen die met proefdieren werken
o FELASA
A,B,D,C: onder revisie
o Belgisch RD:
A1: basis verzoring
A2: speciale verzorging
B: voeren experimenten uit
C: leiden experimenten
D: niet vernoemd in Belgische wetgeving
EU
