NR507/NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Exam. Actual Exam Questions and
Correct Answers 2025/2026 Summer
(Chamberlain College of Nursing). A+ Score.
Score for this quiz: 118 out of 120
Question 1
pts
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?
Vagus
Fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) travel only in the vagus
nerve to the lung.
Question 2
pts
What is the action of urodilatin
It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.
Urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the medullary part of collecting
duct, thereby producing diuresis. It is not involved in the actions described by the other options.
Question 3
pts
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) inhibit the secretion of renin, inhibit
angiotensin-induced secretion of aldosterone, vasodilate the afferent and constrict the efferent glomerular
arterioles, and inhibit sodium and water absorption by kidney tubules. The other actions are not a result of
the atrial natriuretic hormone.
Question 4
pts
,Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin
B12 deficiency
Question 5
pts
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes.
Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is
Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the
other options.
Question 6
pts
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 T-helper cells produce specific cytokines, such
as interleukin [IL]–4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an atopic and allergic response in the airways. This selection
is the only option that accurately identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.
Question 7
pts
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Limbic system
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system of the brain, the only
option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Question 8
pts
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the
host. The other options are not accurate definitions of hypersensitivity.
, Question 9
pts
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?
Cancer is locally invasive.
Cancer confined to the organ of origin is stage 1; cancer that is locally invasive is stage2; cancer that has
spread to regional structures, such as the lymph nodes, is stage 3; and cancer that has spread to distant
sites, such as a liver cancer spreading to the lungor a prostate cancer spreading to bone, is stage 4.
Question 10
pts
An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower
sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart
defect?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
On physical examination, a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill can be detected at the left
lower sternal border. The intensity of the murmur reflects the pressure gradient across the VSD. An apical
diastolic rumble may be present with a moderate-to-large defect, reflecting increased flow across the mitral
valve. The presentations of the other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described
symptoms.
Question 11
pts
Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth. The other options are not true of exotoxins.
Question 12
pts
The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur?
Right-to-left blood shunting
The nonfused septum secundum and ostium secundum result in the formation of aflapped orifice known as
the foramen ovale, which allows the right-to-left shunting necessary for fetal circulation. The foramen ovale
is not involved in the blood flow described by the other options.
Question 13
pts
Midterm Exam. Actual Exam Questions and
Correct Answers 2025/2026 Summer
(Chamberlain College of Nursing). A+ Score.
Score for this quiz: 118 out of 120
Question 1
pts
The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?
Vagus
Fibers of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) travel only in the vagus
nerve to the lung.
Question 2
pts
What is the action of urodilatin
It inhibits salt and water reabsorption.
Urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the medullary part of collecting
duct, thereby producing diuresis. It is not involved in the actions described by the other options.
Question 3
pts
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Sodium excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) inhibit the secretion of renin, inhibit
angiotensin-induced secretion of aldosterone, vasodilate the afferent and constrict the efferent glomerular
arterioles, and inhibit sodium and water absorption by kidney tubules. The other actions are not a result of
the atrial natriuretic hormone.
Question 4
pts
,Which statement best describes a Schilling test?
Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin
B12 deficiency
Question 5
pts
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother:
Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive
HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes.
Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is
Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the
other options.
Question 6
pts
Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?
CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
Asthma develops because the Th2 response (in which CD4 T-helper cells produce specific cytokines, such
as interleukin [IL]–4, IL-5, and IL-13) promotes an atopic and allergic response in the airways. This selection
is the only option that accurately identifies the appropriate T-lymphocyte phenotype.
Question 7
pts
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Limbic system
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system of the brain, the only
option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Question 8
pts
Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(an):
Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease
Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the
host. The other options are not accurate definitions of hypersensitivity.
, Question 9
pts
It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding?
Cancer is locally invasive.
Cancer confined to the organ of origin is stage 1; cancer that is locally invasive is stage2; cancer that has
spread to regional structures, such as the lymph nodes, is stage 3; and cancer that has spread to distant
sites, such as a liver cancer spreading to the lungor a prostate cancer spreading to bone, is stage 4.
Question 10
pts
An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower
sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart
defect?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
On physical examination, a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill can be detected at the left
lower sternal border. The intensity of the murmur reflects the pressure gradient across the VSD. An apical
diastolic rumble may be present with a moderate-to-large defect, reflecting increased flow across the mitral
valve. The presentations of the other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described
symptoms.
Question 11
pts
Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
Exotoxins are proteins released during bacterial growth. The other options are not true of exotoxins.
Question 12
pts
The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur?
Right-to-left blood shunting
The nonfused septum secundum and ostium secundum result in the formation of aflapped orifice known as
the foramen ovale, which allows the right-to-left shunting necessary for fetal circulation. The foramen ovale
is not involved in the blood flow described by the other options.
Question 13
pts
