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biology 1134 exam 1 Questions and
Answers (Expert Solutions)
Q: six kingdoms, 🗹🗹: archaea, bacteria, plantae, animalia, protista, fungi
Q: three domains, 🗹🗹: archaea, bacteria, eukarya
Q: characteristics of life, 🗹🗹: 1.cellular organization-composed of one or more cells
2. energy utilization-use energy for daily processes
3. homeostasis-maintain constant internal conditions
4. growth/development/reproduction- produce offspring
5.heredity-possess DNA
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Q: hierarchical organization of living systems, 🗹🗹: 1. atoms
2. molecule/macromolecule
3. organelle
4. cell
5. tissue
6. organ
7. organ system
8. organism
9. population
10. species
11. community
12. ecosystem
13. biosphere
Q: emergent properties, 🗹🗹: properties that emerge at each higher level in the living
system hierarchy that were not present at the simpler level of organization(
Consciousness, reflexes, metabolism, 3D structure of proteins)
Q: jean baptiste de lamarck, 🗹🗹: (1744-1829) proposed evolution as a theory to
account for the patterns observed in nature. suggested that all species, including
humans, were descended from other species, thought of life as having evolved from
simple to more complex forms, theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Q: theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, 🗹🗹: lamarck's theory based on
the incorrect idea that organs and structures become stronger through use, and that the
strengthened character was then passed on to offspring
Q: thomas malthus, 🗹🗹: stated that populations increase by a multiplying factor
(geometric/exponential) while food supply increase by an additive factor
(arithmetic/linear)
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Q: homologous structures, 🗹🗹: same evolutionary origin, different structure and
function
Q: analogous structures, 🗹🗹: similar function, different evolutionary origins
Q: cell theory, 🗹🗹: 1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, and the life
processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells
2. cells are the smallest living things, the basic units of organization of all organisms
3. cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Q: surface-to-area-to-volume ratio, 🗹🗹: as a cell's size increases, its volume
increases much more rapidly than its surface area
Q: cytoplasm, 🗹🗹: semifluid matrix that fills the interior of every cell
Q: plasma membrane, 🗹🗹: encloses every cell, separating its contents from the
surroundings, phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it
Q: peptidoglycan, 🗹🗹: makes up the cell wall in most bacteria, consists of a
carbohydrate matrix that is cross-linked by short polypeptide units
Q: flagella, 🗹🗹: long, threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that
are used in locomotion
Q: cytoskeleton, 🗹🗹: supports organelles and cell shape and plays a role in cell
motion
Q: centriole, 🗹🗹: complex assembly of microtubules that occurs in pairs
Q: mitochondria, 🗹🗹: organelle in which energy is extracted from food during
oxidative metabolism
biology 1134 exam 1 Questions and
Answers (Expert Solutions)
Q: six kingdoms, 🗹🗹: archaea, bacteria, plantae, animalia, protista, fungi
Q: three domains, 🗹🗹: archaea, bacteria, eukarya
Q: characteristics of life, 🗹🗹: 1.cellular organization-composed of one or more cells
2. energy utilization-use energy for daily processes
3. homeostasis-maintain constant internal conditions
4. growth/development/reproduction- produce offspring
5.heredity-possess DNA
, Page | 2
Q: hierarchical organization of living systems, 🗹🗹: 1. atoms
2. molecule/macromolecule
3. organelle
4. cell
5. tissue
6. organ
7. organ system
8. organism
9. population
10. species
11. community
12. ecosystem
13. biosphere
Q: emergent properties, 🗹🗹: properties that emerge at each higher level in the living
system hierarchy that were not present at the simpler level of organization(
Consciousness, reflexes, metabolism, 3D structure of proteins)
Q: jean baptiste de lamarck, 🗹🗹: (1744-1829) proposed evolution as a theory to
account for the patterns observed in nature. suggested that all species, including
humans, were descended from other species, thought of life as having evolved from
simple to more complex forms, theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
Q: theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, 🗹🗹: lamarck's theory based on
the incorrect idea that organs and structures become stronger through use, and that the
strengthened character was then passed on to offspring
Q: thomas malthus, 🗹🗹: stated that populations increase by a multiplying factor
(geometric/exponential) while food supply increase by an additive factor
(arithmetic/linear)
, Page | 3
Q: homologous structures, 🗹🗹: same evolutionary origin, different structure and
function
Q: analogous structures, 🗹🗹: similar function, different evolutionary origins
Q: cell theory, 🗹🗹: 1. all organisms are composed of one or more cells, and the life
processes of metabolism and heredity occur within these cells
2. cells are the smallest living things, the basic units of organization of all organisms
3. cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell
Q: surface-to-area-to-volume ratio, 🗹🗹: as a cell's size increases, its volume
increases much more rapidly than its surface area
Q: cytoplasm, 🗹🗹: semifluid matrix that fills the interior of every cell
Q: plasma membrane, 🗹🗹: encloses every cell, separating its contents from the
surroundings, phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it
Q: peptidoglycan, 🗹🗹: makes up the cell wall in most bacteria, consists of a
carbohydrate matrix that is cross-linked by short polypeptide units
Q: flagella, 🗹🗹: long, threadlike structures protruding from the surface of a cell that
are used in locomotion
Q: cytoskeleton, 🗹🗹: supports organelles and cell shape and plays a role in cell
motion
Q: centriole, 🗹🗹: complex assembly of microtubules that occurs in pairs
Q: mitochondria, 🗹🗹: organelle in which energy is extracted from food during
oxidative metabolism
