PBHL 511 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the result of an action potential reaching the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell that has a
chemical synapse?= - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell.
The neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell often resulting in an action potential
in the postsynaptic cell
Opioid drugs bind to opiate receptors leading to analgesia (loss of pain). Why does drug addiction occur
even after the individual has recovered from the illness/disorder which caused the pain? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Opioid drugs stimulate the release of dopamine in the reward pathway regions of the
brain. This causes structural and chemical changes in the brain which resemble the learning process.
Which of the following characterize some of the limits of the brain/disease paradigm of
addiction?Underplays/ignores the impact of social determinants of health on the etiology of addiction.
B.
Creates a risk of stigmatizing addicts as diseased.
C.
Evidence for this paradigm has been challenged. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A. Underplays/ignores the
impact of social determinants of health on the etiology of addiction.
B.
Creates a risk of stigmatizing addicts as diseased.
C.
Evidence for this paradigm has been challenged.
What are the stages in the stages of change model? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Pre-contemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
What principles of the Health Belief Model describe perceptions/beliefs about a disease or health
condition? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity
What are the levels of the Social Ecological Model ordered from "micro" to "macro"? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, policy
, Cancer treatment is an example of what level of prevention? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tertiary
There was an HIV and Hepatitis C outbreak in a rural part of Indiana in 2015. This led to then governor
Mike Pence to declare a public health emergency. What led to this outbreak? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅C.
People started injecting opioids after the formulation of oxymorphone was changed limiting its ability to
be tampered with.
D.
Needle exchanges were illegal in Indiana.
Which of the following activities best matches the definition of a public health surveillance system? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A registry of all persons diagnosed with cancer in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania since 1985, from which data are used to set priorities for prevention and control programs
Since about 2014, the largest and most rapid increases in drug overdose deaths in the U.S. are
attributed to which category of opioids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Synthetic opioids other than
methadone, such as fentanyl
Suppose the rate of overdose deaths due to heroin in Springfield County--where you are the Health
Officer--decreased sharply between 2016 and 2017. You know that the total number of people in the
county did not change much. What might explain the change in rate in 2017? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Many fewer people in the population used heroin in fatal quantities
B.
There were more overdose reversals with naloxone by emergency medical technicians
C.
A new medical examiner was hired, who was less likely to attribute deaths to specific drugs
State based notifiable disease surveillance programs are an example of which type of surveillance
system: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Indicator-based surveillance
Sandy Ford was an employee at the CDC Parasitic Disease Division. Her job was to dispense drugs for
rare parasitic diseases to doctors throughout the US. In 1981, she noticed an increase in demand for
pentamidine isethionate. This drug was used to treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a previously rare
type of pneumonia only seen in immunocompromised people. She notified others at the CDC about this
What is the result of an action potential reaching the axon terminal of the presynaptic cell that has a
chemical synapse?= - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell.
The neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell often resulting in an action potential
in the postsynaptic cell
Opioid drugs bind to opiate receptors leading to analgesia (loss of pain). Why does drug addiction occur
even after the individual has recovered from the illness/disorder which caused the pain? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Opioid drugs stimulate the release of dopamine in the reward pathway regions of the
brain. This causes structural and chemical changes in the brain which resemble the learning process.
Which of the following characterize some of the limits of the brain/disease paradigm of
addiction?Underplays/ignores the impact of social determinants of health on the etiology of addiction.
B.
Creates a risk of stigmatizing addicts as diseased.
C.
Evidence for this paradigm has been challenged. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A. Underplays/ignores the
impact of social determinants of health on the etiology of addiction.
B.
Creates a risk of stigmatizing addicts as diseased.
C.
Evidence for this paradigm has been challenged.
What are the stages in the stages of change model? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Pre-contemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
What principles of the Health Belief Model describe perceptions/beliefs about a disease or health
condition? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity
What are the levels of the Social Ecological Model ordered from "micro" to "macro"? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, policy
, Cancer treatment is an example of what level of prevention? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tertiary
There was an HIV and Hepatitis C outbreak in a rural part of Indiana in 2015. This led to then governor
Mike Pence to declare a public health emergency. What led to this outbreak? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅C.
People started injecting opioids after the formulation of oxymorphone was changed limiting its ability to
be tampered with.
D.
Needle exchanges were illegal in Indiana.
Which of the following activities best matches the definition of a public health surveillance system? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A registry of all persons diagnosed with cancer in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania since 1985, from which data are used to set priorities for prevention and control programs
Since about 2014, the largest and most rapid increases in drug overdose deaths in the U.S. are
attributed to which category of opioids? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Synthetic opioids other than
methadone, such as fentanyl
Suppose the rate of overdose deaths due to heroin in Springfield County--where you are the Health
Officer--decreased sharply between 2016 and 2017. You know that the total number of people in the
county did not change much. What might explain the change in rate in 2017? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Many fewer people in the population used heroin in fatal quantities
B.
There were more overdose reversals with naloxone by emergency medical technicians
C.
A new medical examiner was hired, who was less likely to attribute deaths to specific drugs
State based notifiable disease surveillance programs are an example of which type of surveillance
system: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Indicator-based surveillance
Sandy Ford was an employee at the CDC Parasitic Disease Division. Her job was to dispense drugs for
rare parasitic diseases to doctors throughout the US. In 1981, she noticed an increase in demand for
pentamidine isethionate. This drug was used to treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a previously rare
type of pneumonia only seen in immunocompromised people. She notified others at the CDC about this
