LAB PRACTICUM BIOS 252 LATEST
UPDATED EXAM THIS YEAR ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY II WITH REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question-accessory digestive organs - Answer-Teeth, pancreas, assisting in mechanical and
chemical digestion
Question-Which of the following best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? -
Answer-Connects the mouth to the stomach and has no role in chemical digestion
It's role is just propulsion
Question-digestive tract (aka GI tract) - Answer-Covering an internal lumen (which is actually
"outside" the body)
The disassembly line of our body
Question-3 roles of the stomach - Answer-1. Storage facility. Most digestion happens in the
small intestine so we just don't have enough room so we need to store in in stomach
2. Disassembly. First step in digestion of proteins. It's not essential, but it's difficult without it.
3. Defense. Acidic environment gets rid of pathogens.
Question-rugae - Answer-These are the foldings inside the stomach that allow the stomach to
expand and then it makes it so it doesn't tear apart when it stretches
,Question-fundus - Answer-store room in the stomach where some of the food waits until we can
deal with it.
Question-3 smooth muscle layers in the stomach - Answer-Longitudinal muscle most external
Circular muscle within that
And then most deep, oblique muscle
The cells lining the stomach secrete mucin (mucous)
The lining is dotted with millions of gastric pits
Question-What structural modification underlies the stomach's ability to mechanically digest
food? - Answer-The stomach has an extra group of muscles called the oblique muscles that are
responsible for the churning and mechanical digestion of food
Question-chyme - Answer-Gastric juice + digestive food
either delivered in small amounts to the duodenum or forced backward into the stomach for
further mixing
Question-The curious case of Alexis St Martin - Answer-Dr. William Beaumont
In michigan, wanted to study the stomach and body
Alexis St Martin was shot and it went through left part of body. Went through stomach and out
Took different types of food and tied it to a string and put it in his stomach and waited and took
it out to see if it was digested or not.
Question-Mucous neck cells - Answer-in the gastric glands.
,Secrete a thin mucous layer
Question-Parietal cells - Answer-in the gastric glands. Secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric
acid
Intrinsic factor has nothing to do with stomach. Really is just important protein that has receptors
on walls of small intestine that binds to essential vitamin (B12) because it can't be digested by
itself
There is a sublingual supplement (put it under your tongue)
This lets you absorb B12 directly into the capillaries in the bottom of your mouth
Question-Chief cells - Answer-in the gastric glands. Secrete pepsinogen. This gets modified and
becomes an active enzyme. Becomes an enzyme in an acidic environment called pepsin. Pepsin
can do digestion of proteins. Acidic environment comes from HCL from parietal cells
HCL assists in pepsin synthesis and activity
Breaking down cell walls of plant foods
Defense against pathogens
Question-gastric juice - Answer-Mucus, HCL, pepsinogen
Secreted to the lumen
Question-Enteroendocrine cells - Answer-G cells: Gastrin
Gastrin will go back and promote secretion of gastric juice
, Question-How does gastrin from the bottom make it to parietal cells and chief cells? - Answer-
Gastrin is a protein that serves as a hormone so it goes through the blood vessels.
Question-Dave Barnes had agonizing pain in his abdomen, followed by heartburn and vomiting.
The doctor told him he has a gastric ulcer in his stomach, caused by the Helicobacter bacteria. It
is most likely that the bacteria: - Answer-Penetrated the mucus layer of the stomach
Question-enteric system - Answer-Part of autonomic nervous system
From the gut
Acts as an independent system. More neurons here than in whole spinal cord
All local reflexes
The nervous system of the stomach
Long reflexes (interacts with the brain)
Parasympathetic. Medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion and vagus nerve goes all the way
down to the stomach
Question-Three phases of regulation - Answer-Cephalic (head)
Gastric (stomach)
Intestinal (duodenum)
Question-What does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach? - Answer-Secretin
Secreted by the small intestine and it inhibits gastric activity
UPDATED EXAM THIS YEAR ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY II WITH REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question-accessory digestive organs - Answer-Teeth, pancreas, assisting in mechanical and
chemical digestion
Question-Which of the following best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? -
Answer-Connects the mouth to the stomach and has no role in chemical digestion
It's role is just propulsion
Question-digestive tract (aka GI tract) - Answer-Covering an internal lumen (which is actually
"outside" the body)
The disassembly line of our body
Question-3 roles of the stomach - Answer-1. Storage facility. Most digestion happens in the
small intestine so we just don't have enough room so we need to store in in stomach
2. Disassembly. First step in digestion of proteins. It's not essential, but it's difficult without it.
3. Defense. Acidic environment gets rid of pathogens.
Question-rugae - Answer-These are the foldings inside the stomach that allow the stomach to
expand and then it makes it so it doesn't tear apart when it stretches
,Question-fundus - Answer-store room in the stomach where some of the food waits until we can
deal with it.
Question-3 smooth muscle layers in the stomach - Answer-Longitudinal muscle most external
Circular muscle within that
And then most deep, oblique muscle
The cells lining the stomach secrete mucin (mucous)
The lining is dotted with millions of gastric pits
Question-What structural modification underlies the stomach's ability to mechanically digest
food? - Answer-The stomach has an extra group of muscles called the oblique muscles that are
responsible for the churning and mechanical digestion of food
Question-chyme - Answer-Gastric juice + digestive food
either delivered in small amounts to the duodenum or forced backward into the stomach for
further mixing
Question-The curious case of Alexis St Martin - Answer-Dr. William Beaumont
In michigan, wanted to study the stomach and body
Alexis St Martin was shot and it went through left part of body. Went through stomach and out
Took different types of food and tied it to a string and put it in his stomach and waited and took
it out to see if it was digested or not.
Question-Mucous neck cells - Answer-in the gastric glands.
,Secrete a thin mucous layer
Question-Parietal cells - Answer-in the gastric glands. Secrete intrinsic factor and hydrochloric
acid
Intrinsic factor has nothing to do with stomach. Really is just important protein that has receptors
on walls of small intestine that binds to essential vitamin (B12) because it can't be digested by
itself
There is a sublingual supplement (put it under your tongue)
This lets you absorb B12 directly into the capillaries in the bottom of your mouth
Question-Chief cells - Answer-in the gastric glands. Secrete pepsinogen. This gets modified and
becomes an active enzyme. Becomes an enzyme in an acidic environment called pepsin. Pepsin
can do digestion of proteins. Acidic environment comes from HCL from parietal cells
HCL assists in pepsin synthesis and activity
Breaking down cell walls of plant foods
Defense against pathogens
Question-gastric juice - Answer-Mucus, HCL, pepsinogen
Secreted to the lumen
Question-Enteroendocrine cells - Answer-G cells: Gastrin
Gastrin will go back and promote secretion of gastric juice
, Question-How does gastrin from the bottom make it to parietal cells and chief cells? - Answer-
Gastrin is a protein that serves as a hormone so it goes through the blood vessels.
Question-Dave Barnes had agonizing pain in his abdomen, followed by heartburn and vomiting.
The doctor told him he has a gastric ulcer in his stomach, caused by the Helicobacter bacteria. It
is most likely that the bacteria: - Answer-Penetrated the mucus layer of the stomach
Question-enteric system - Answer-Part of autonomic nervous system
From the gut
Acts as an independent system. More neurons here than in whole spinal cord
All local reflexes
The nervous system of the stomach
Long reflexes (interacts with the brain)
Parasympathetic. Medulla oblongata controls gastric secretion and vagus nerve goes all the way
down to the stomach
Question-Three phases of regulation - Answer-Cephalic (head)
Gastric (stomach)
Intestinal (duodenum)
Question-What does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach? - Answer-Secretin
Secreted by the small intestine and it inhibits gastric activity
