Page | 1
ATI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH
ANSWERS.
What are the normal ranges for pH, HCO3, and CO2? - correct
answer -pH: 7.35 (acid) - 7.45 (base)
HCO3: 22 (acid) - 26 (base)
CO2: 35 (base) - 45 (acid)
What is the major s&s that differentiates meningitis from
encephalitis? - correct answer -Severe pain when moving the
neck (extension/flexion) due to Inflamed Meninges
What are the s&s of Vertigo? - correct answer -Loss of balance,
Nystagmus (Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes)
How are eyes damaged in Diabetes? - correct answer -
Hypertension causes hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
, Page | 2
What are the s&s of compartment syndrome? - correct answer -
Pallor, Pain, No Pulse, Paresthesia, Paresis (slight/partial
paralysis)
How do you treat compartment syndrome? - correct answer -
Make cuts to relieve the pressure
What are the different types of skin cancer? - correct answer -
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous
melanoma, kaposi sarcome
What are the s&s of scleroderma? - correct answer -Decreased
skin turgour, hard skin, hypopigmented skin, taut, shiny, difficulty
moving fingers/joints
What is the main difference between viral pneumonia and
bacterial pneumonia? - correct answer -Viral- Dry Cough
Bacterial - Cough up Mucous/Phlegm
What happens to the lungs in ARDS? - correct answer -
Pulmonary Hypertension, Oxygen has no effect on increasing the
, Page | 3
pulse-ox (hypoxemia), Atelectasis, Decreased Tidal Volume,
Vasoconstriction, Fibrosis of Aveoli
What are the s&s of COPD? - correct answer -Fatigue, Dyspnea,
Cough, Hypoxemia, Hypercapnia (increased CO2), Cor
pulmonale (right side heart failure), SOB
What causes esophageal varices? - correct answer -Portal
Hypertension, Gastric Acid Erosion
What are the s&s of Cushing's disease? - correct answer -
Increased ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), Wt. Gain, Moon
Face, Buffalo Hump, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Decreased
Potassium, Decreased Immune Function, Increased Sodium
Why can prolonged seizure activity cause brain damage? -
correct answer -Tissue Ischemia, Damage to the Neurons
What happens in a myoclonic, absence, and a partial stroke? -
correct answer -Myoclonic - sporadic (isolated), jerking
movements
ATI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH
ANSWERS.
What are the normal ranges for pH, HCO3, and CO2? - correct
answer -pH: 7.35 (acid) - 7.45 (base)
HCO3: 22 (acid) - 26 (base)
CO2: 35 (base) - 45 (acid)
What is the major s&s that differentiates meningitis from
encephalitis? - correct answer -Severe pain when moving the
neck (extension/flexion) due to Inflamed Meninges
What are the s&s of Vertigo? - correct answer -Loss of balance,
Nystagmus (Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes)
How are eyes damaged in Diabetes? - correct answer -
Hypertension causes hemorrhage in the weak blood vessels
, Page | 2
What are the s&s of compartment syndrome? - correct answer -
Pallor, Pain, No Pulse, Paresthesia, Paresis (slight/partial
paralysis)
How do you treat compartment syndrome? - correct answer -
Make cuts to relieve the pressure
What are the different types of skin cancer? - correct answer -
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous
melanoma, kaposi sarcome
What are the s&s of scleroderma? - correct answer -Decreased
skin turgour, hard skin, hypopigmented skin, taut, shiny, difficulty
moving fingers/joints
What is the main difference between viral pneumonia and
bacterial pneumonia? - correct answer -Viral- Dry Cough
Bacterial - Cough up Mucous/Phlegm
What happens to the lungs in ARDS? - correct answer -
Pulmonary Hypertension, Oxygen has no effect on increasing the
, Page | 3
pulse-ox (hypoxemia), Atelectasis, Decreased Tidal Volume,
Vasoconstriction, Fibrosis of Aveoli
What are the s&s of COPD? - correct answer -Fatigue, Dyspnea,
Cough, Hypoxemia, Hypercapnia (increased CO2), Cor
pulmonale (right side heart failure), SOB
What causes esophageal varices? - correct answer -Portal
Hypertension, Gastric Acid Erosion
What are the s&s of Cushing's disease? - correct answer -
Increased ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), Wt. Gain, Moon
Face, Buffalo Hump, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Decreased
Potassium, Decreased Immune Function, Increased Sodium
Why can prolonged seizure activity cause brain damage? -
correct answer -Tissue Ischemia, Damage to the Neurons
What happens in a myoclonic, absence, and a partial stroke? -
correct answer -Myoclonic - sporadic (isolated), jerking
movements
