NSAIDs, DMARDs, Glucocorticoids & Gout – ULTIMATE
PHARMACOLOGY REVISION PACK– COMPLETE EXAM STUDY GUIDE/
EXAM-FOCUSED PHARMACOLOGY SUMMARY: NSAIDs, DMARDs,
GLUCOCORTICOIDS & GOUT DRUGS VEREIFIED QUESTIONS & 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025/26
Which Of The Following Should Not Be Used On Children Because It Is Associated With Reyes Syndrome?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Aspirin
C. Ibuprofen
D. Prednisone
E. Celecoxib
ANSWER: B. Aspirin, Aspirin Use Especially In Children With Influenza Or Varicella Is Associated With
Reye Syndrome. This Is A Condition Associated With Progressive Encephalopathy And Hepatic
Dysfunction. Characteristics Of This Syndrome Include Vomiting And Confusion That Can Evolve Into
Seizures And Coma.
Which Effect Of Aspirin Requires The Highest Dose Of The Drug?
A. Analgesic
B. Antipyretic
C. Anti-Inflammatory
D. Anti-Thrombotic
E. All Effects Need About The Same Dose
ANSWER: C. Anti-Inflammatory Dose. Gram Quantities Are Used Per Dose Vs Mg Quantities For The
Rest.
An Economical, Safe, And Effective Way To Prevent Nsaid-Associated Ulcers Is The Simultaneous Use Of
A. Antacids
,B. Misoprostol
C. Pepto-Bismol
D. Proton Pump Inhibitors
E. Sucralfate
ANSWER: D. Proton Pump Inhibitors. Many Of The Choices Could Be Used To Treat Nsaid-Associated
Gi Irritation. Misoprostol Could Be Used To Replace Cyto-Protective Prostaglandins Not Produced When
Cox One Is Inhibited But It Is Not Economical And Is Associated With Its Own Toxicities (Headache,
Constipation, Dyspepsia,Which Are Common (1-10%).
Which Of The Following Nsaids (A-D) Causes Irreversible Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation? (If None Of
Them Does, Answer E!)
A. Ibuprofen
B. Celecoxib
C. Naproxen
D. Sodium Salicylate
E. None Of The Above
ANSWER: E. Only Aspirin Is The Irreversible Cox 1 And 2 Inhibitor The Rest Are Reversible. Celocoxib Is
Reversible And Selective For Cox 2, Which Is Not Involved In Txa2 Production.
Which Of The Following (A-D) Constitutes A Relative Contraindication Of Corticosteroid Treatment? If All
Of (A_D) Are Contraindications, Answer E!
A. Viral Infection
B. Osteoporosis
C. Diabetes
D. Glaucoma
E. All Of The Above (A-D) Are Relative Contraindications Of Glucocorticoid Treatment
ANSWER: E. Corticosteroids Are An Immunosuppressant That Has Many Important Metabolic Effects
And Associated Toxicities If Used For Extended Periods.
,What Is The Mechanism Of Action Of Aspirin?
A. Selective Reversible Inhibitor Of Cyclooxygenase 1
B. Reversible Inhibitor Of Both Cyclooxygenase 1 And 2
C. Irreversible Inhibitor Of Both Cyclooxygenase And Lipooxygenase
D. Irreversible Inhibitor Of Both Cyclooxygenase 1 And 2
E. Irreversible Inhibitor Of Lipoxygenase
ANSWER: D. Irreversible Non-Selective Cox Inhibitor
Which Is Inncorrect Regarding Adverse Or Toxic Effects Of Aspirin?
A. Gi Intolerance Or Bleeding Is Only Found In Patients Who Take Doses Higher Than Recommended
B. Aspirin Use May Increase Bleeding Time
C. Toxic Doses May Lead To Metabolic Acidosis And Respiratory Depression
D. Aspirin Can Cause Tinnitus, Vertigo And Decreased Hearing
E. Aspirin May Inhibit Normal Renal Regulation Of Water And Electrolytes
ANSWER: A. Gi Intolerance And Bleeding Are Associated With Aspirin Use Even At Relatively Low
Doses.
Which Of The Following Is A Potentially Significant Advantage Of Celecoxib Over Aspirin?
A. Aspirin Inhibits Cox 1 Only
B. Celecoxib Has Less Corrosive Effects On Gastrointestinal Lining
C. Celecoxib Inhibits Both Cox 1 And Cox 2
D. Celecoxib Is A More Efficacious Anti-Inflammatory Agent
E. Celecoxib Is An Irreversible Inhibitor Of Cox 1 And Cox 2
ANSWER: B. In Theory, Because Celocoxib Is More Selective For Cox 2 (Pro-Inflammatory) Than Cox
1(Pro-Cytoprotection In The Gut) It Should Have Less Corrosive Effects On Gi Lining.
, A 60-Year-Old Male With A History Of Gastric Ulcers Develops Rheumatoid Arthritis. His Physician Would
Like To Begin Therapy With Aspirin. To Avoid The Recurrence Of Gastric Ulcers In This Patient, The
Physician Should Advise Him To
A. Take Aspirin Between Meals
B. Take Aspirin At Night With A Glass Of Wine
C. Take Aspirin As A Suppository
D. Take Ibuprofen Instead
E. Take Misoprostol With Aspirin
ANSWER: E. Aspirin, An Irreversible-Cox-1 And-2-Inhibitor, Can Prevent The Cytoprotective
Prostaglandins From Being Made. Misoprostol, A Pge1 Analog Can Be Used To Augment The Aspirin
Induced Endogenous Production Of Pge1 In The Gut. Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Now More Favored As
A Mechanism To Reduce Gut Erosion.
Which Of The Following Statements Is Most Correct Regarding The Use Of Ibuprofen And Aspirin?
A. Aspirin Is Not Used As An Antipyretic
B. Ibuprofen Is More Effective Than Aspirin At Reducing Inflammation
C. Ibuprofen Is Not Associated With Any Serious Gastrointestinal Effects
D. The Duration Of Action Of Aspirin On Platelet Function Is Longer Than Ibuprofen
E. Ibuprofen Does Not Have Any Analgesic Properties
ANSWER: D. The Duration Of Action Of Aspirin On Platelet Function Is Longer Than Ibuprofen. Aspirin
Is An Irreversible Inhibitor While Ibuprofen In Not. Platelets Don't Make New Enzymes. Therefore, The
Effects Of Aspirin Will Last For The Life Of The Platelet.
Which Of The Following Statements Best Describes An Advantage Of Celecoxib Over Naproxen To Treat
Arthritic Symptoms In A Patient With A History Of Ulcers?
A. Celecoxib Is A More Effective Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Agent Than Naproxen
B. Celecoxib Inhibits More Specifically The Cox Enzyme Isotype That Is Inducible By Cytokines And
Growth Factors
C. Celecoxib Is A Specific Cox 1 Inhibitor
PHARMACOLOGY REVISION PACK– COMPLETE EXAM STUDY GUIDE/
EXAM-FOCUSED PHARMACOLOGY SUMMARY: NSAIDs, DMARDs,
GLUCOCORTICOIDS & GOUT DRUGS VEREIFIED QUESTIONS & 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST 2025/26
Which Of The Following Should Not Be Used On Children Because It Is Associated With Reyes Syndrome?
A. Acetaminophen
B. Aspirin
C. Ibuprofen
D. Prednisone
E. Celecoxib
ANSWER: B. Aspirin, Aspirin Use Especially In Children With Influenza Or Varicella Is Associated With
Reye Syndrome. This Is A Condition Associated With Progressive Encephalopathy And Hepatic
Dysfunction. Characteristics Of This Syndrome Include Vomiting And Confusion That Can Evolve Into
Seizures And Coma.
Which Effect Of Aspirin Requires The Highest Dose Of The Drug?
A. Analgesic
B. Antipyretic
C. Anti-Inflammatory
D. Anti-Thrombotic
E. All Effects Need About The Same Dose
ANSWER: C. Anti-Inflammatory Dose. Gram Quantities Are Used Per Dose Vs Mg Quantities For The
Rest.
An Economical, Safe, And Effective Way To Prevent Nsaid-Associated Ulcers Is The Simultaneous Use Of
A. Antacids
,B. Misoprostol
C. Pepto-Bismol
D. Proton Pump Inhibitors
E. Sucralfate
ANSWER: D. Proton Pump Inhibitors. Many Of The Choices Could Be Used To Treat Nsaid-Associated
Gi Irritation. Misoprostol Could Be Used To Replace Cyto-Protective Prostaglandins Not Produced When
Cox One Is Inhibited But It Is Not Economical And Is Associated With Its Own Toxicities (Headache,
Constipation, Dyspepsia,Which Are Common (1-10%).
Which Of The Following Nsaids (A-D) Causes Irreversible Inhibition Of Platelet Aggregation? (If None Of
Them Does, Answer E!)
A. Ibuprofen
B. Celecoxib
C. Naproxen
D. Sodium Salicylate
E. None Of The Above
ANSWER: E. Only Aspirin Is The Irreversible Cox 1 And 2 Inhibitor The Rest Are Reversible. Celocoxib Is
Reversible And Selective For Cox 2, Which Is Not Involved In Txa2 Production.
Which Of The Following (A-D) Constitutes A Relative Contraindication Of Corticosteroid Treatment? If All
Of (A_D) Are Contraindications, Answer E!
A. Viral Infection
B. Osteoporosis
C. Diabetes
D. Glaucoma
E. All Of The Above (A-D) Are Relative Contraindications Of Glucocorticoid Treatment
ANSWER: E. Corticosteroids Are An Immunosuppressant That Has Many Important Metabolic Effects
And Associated Toxicities If Used For Extended Periods.
,What Is The Mechanism Of Action Of Aspirin?
A. Selective Reversible Inhibitor Of Cyclooxygenase 1
B. Reversible Inhibitor Of Both Cyclooxygenase 1 And 2
C. Irreversible Inhibitor Of Both Cyclooxygenase And Lipooxygenase
D. Irreversible Inhibitor Of Both Cyclooxygenase 1 And 2
E. Irreversible Inhibitor Of Lipoxygenase
ANSWER: D. Irreversible Non-Selective Cox Inhibitor
Which Is Inncorrect Regarding Adverse Or Toxic Effects Of Aspirin?
A. Gi Intolerance Or Bleeding Is Only Found In Patients Who Take Doses Higher Than Recommended
B. Aspirin Use May Increase Bleeding Time
C. Toxic Doses May Lead To Metabolic Acidosis And Respiratory Depression
D. Aspirin Can Cause Tinnitus, Vertigo And Decreased Hearing
E. Aspirin May Inhibit Normal Renal Regulation Of Water And Electrolytes
ANSWER: A. Gi Intolerance And Bleeding Are Associated With Aspirin Use Even At Relatively Low
Doses.
Which Of The Following Is A Potentially Significant Advantage Of Celecoxib Over Aspirin?
A. Aspirin Inhibits Cox 1 Only
B. Celecoxib Has Less Corrosive Effects On Gastrointestinal Lining
C. Celecoxib Inhibits Both Cox 1 And Cox 2
D. Celecoxib Is A More Efficacious Anti-Inflammatory Agent
E. Celecoxib Is An Irreversible Inhibitor Of Cox 1 And Cox 2
ANSWER: B. In Theory, Because Celocoxib Is More Selective For Cox 2 (Pro-Inflammatory) Than Cox
1(Pro-Cytoprotection In The Gut) It Should Have Less Corrosive Effects On Gi Lining.
, A 60-Year-Old Male With A History Of Gastric Ulcers Develops Rheumatoid Arthritis. His Physician Would
Like To Begin Therapy With Aspirin. To Avoid The Recurrence Of Gastric Ulcers In This Patient, The
Physician Should Advise Him To
A. Take Aspirin Between Meals
B. Take Aspirin At Night With A Glass Of Wine
C. Take Aspirin As A Suppository
D. Take Ibuprofen Instead
E. Take Misoprostol With Aspirin
ANSWER: E. Aspirin, An Irreversible-Cox-1 And-2-Inhibitor, Can Prevent The Cytoprotective
Prostaglandins From Being Made. Misoprostol, A Pge1 Analog Can Be Used To Augment The Aspirin
Induced Endogenous Production Of Pge1 In The Gut. Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Now More Favored As
A Mechanism To Reduce Gut Erosion.
Which Of The Following Statements Is Most Correct Regarding The Use Of Ibuprofen And Aspirin?
A. Aspirin Is Not Used As An Antipyretic
B. Ibuprofen Is More Effective Than Aspirin At Reducing Inflammation
C. Ibuprofen Is Not Associated With Any Serious Gastrointestinal Effects
D. The Duration Of Action Of Aspirin On Platelet Function Is Longer Than Ibuprofen
E. Ibuprofen Does Not Have Any Analgesic Properties
ANSWER: D. The Duration Of Action Of Aspirin On Platelet Function Is Longer Than Ibuprofen. Aspirin
Is An Irreversible Inhibitor While Ibuprofen In Not. Platelets Don't Make New Enzymes. Therefore, The
Effects Of Aspirin Will Last For The Life Of The Platelet.
Which Of The Following Statements Best Describes An Advantage Of Celecoxib Over Naproxen To Treat
Arthritic Symptoms In A Patient With A History Of Ulcers?
A. Celecoxib Is A More Effective Anti-Inflammatory And Analgesic Agent Than Naproxen
B. Celecoxib Inhibits More Specifically The Cox Enzyme Isotype That Is Inducible By Cytokines And
Growth Factors
C. Celecoxib Is A Specific Cox 1 Inhibitor
