NURS 6501 Midterm Master Summary (Weeks 6–11)

NURS 6501 Midterm Master Summary
(Weeks 6–11)



WEEK 6: Neurological & Musculoskeletal Disorders

Condition Key Features

Parkinson’s Disease ↓ Dopamine, tremor, rigidity, Lewy bodies (α-synuclein).

Multiple Sclerosis Autoimmune CNS demyelination, oligoclonal bands in CSF.

Alzheimer’s Disease β-amyloid plaques, tau tangles, ↓ acetylcholine.

Stroke (CVA) Ischemic > hemorrhagic, “FAST” symptoms, treat quickly.

Osteoarthritis (OA) Degenerative, asymmetrical, worsens with use.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune, symmetrical joints, pannus formation.

Osteoporosis ↓ bone density, fractures, postmenopausal risk.



WEEK 7: Renal & Urological Disorders

Condition Key Features

AKI Prerenal (perfusion), Intrarenal (nephron), Postrenal (obstruction).

CKD Irreversible; ↓ GFR, ↑ BUN/Cr, electrolyte imbalance, anemia.

Glomerulonephritis Hematuria, proteinuria, post-strep, ↓ GFR.

Nephrotic Syndrome Massive proteinuria >3.5g/day, edema, hypoalbuminemia.

UTIs E. coli, dysuria, urgency, flank pain (pyelonephritis).

Renal Calculi Flank pain, hematuria, often calcium-based.

Electrolytes Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia in CKD.



WEEK 8: GI & Hepatobiliary Disorders