tri 2 clinical imaging exam 1questions with verified answers.

Sella Turcica - correct answer-AP dimension: ranges from 5-16mm; average is 11mm (maximum is 16mm) -Vertical dimension: ranges from 4-12mm; average 8mm (maximum is 12mm pituitary neoplasm McRae line - correct answer atlanto-occipital dislocation basilar impression Chamberlain's Line (Palato-occipital line) - correct answer• The odontoid should not cross this line. I may up to 3 mm •Measurement greater than or equal to 7mm is abnormal Mc Gregors Line (Basal line) - correct answer• line >8mm in males and >10mm in females Atlantoaxial Alignment-"Overhang" Sign - correct answer• alar ligament instability or rotatory atlantoaxial subluxation Jefferson's fracture, odontoid fracture, alar ligament instability Atlantodental Interval - correct answer• Adult patient less than or equal to 3mm •Children less than or equal to 5mm or rupture of the transverse atlantal ligament. George's Line - correct answer• May be a sign of ligamentous instability, fracture, dislocation or degenerative joint disease •anterolisthesis or retrolisthesis Spinolaminar Line - correct answer The cortical white line of the Spinolaminar junction at each level C1-C7 the spinolaminar junction line in children should not be >2mm anterior to this line. Sagittal Canal Dimension—Cervical Spine - correct answer•C1—16-31mm •C2—14-27mm •C3—13-23mm •C4-C7—12-22mm Torg-Pavlov Ratio - correct answer• A ratio less than 0.8 is an indicator of spinal stenosis dimension/vertebral body width Retropharyngeal Interspace - correct answer Upper limits of C2 of is 7mm Upper limits of C6 is 20-22mm Angle of the Cervical Curve - correct answer•35-45 degrees Cervical Gravity Line - correct answer• The line should pass through the C7 body •The line allows a gross assessment of where the gravitational stress are acting at the cervicothoracic junction. Thoracic Cage Dimension - correct answer• Male—11-18cm •Females—9-15cm Lumbar Lordosis - correct answer The average appears to be 50-60 degrees Lumbosacral angle - correct answer• Upright film—26-57 degrees; average is 41 degrees Lumbosacral Disc Angle - correct answer •Between 10-15 degrees Lumbar Gravity Line - correct answer Should pass through the anterior sacral base anterior to the sacrum >10mm an increase in the shearing stresses McNab's Line - correct answer• The line should lie above the tip of the superior articular process. facet imbrication (subluxation) may be present Interpediculate Distance - correct answer•. It is the narrowest between T3-T10. In the lumbar spine, this measurement should increase from T11-L5. Eisenstein's Method for Sagittal Canal - correct answer• fall <15mm (although some use 14mm or 12mm as the cutoff). Ullman's Line - correct answer The L5 body should lie posterior to or just contact the perpendicular line. L5 vertebra crosses the perpendicular line, spondylolisthesis may be present. Teardrop Distance - correct answer•6-11mm Should not exceed 11mm or differ from the contralateral side by more than 2mm Presacral space - correct answer Should not exceed 20mm (2cm) in adults and 5mm in children Cobb's Method for Scoliosis Evaluation - correct answer• This is the preferred method of quantifying the degree of curvature/scoliosis. Risser-Ferguson Method of Scoliosis Evaluation - correct answer• This method gives values approximately 25% lower than those of Cobb's method. AP Thoracic - correct answer FFD: 40 inches Lateral Thoracic - correct answer FFD: 40 inches