BIO 253
Bio 253 Final Exam Questions with
Verified Answers Graded A+ 2025-2026
Organelles are -Correct Answer ✔
Organs of the Urinary system -Correct Answer ✔kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal
artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron -Correct Answer ✔
functional unit of the kidney -Correct Answer ✔nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? -Correct Answer ✔Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? -Correct Answer ✔capillaries
Function of a nephron -Correct Answer ✔filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types -Correct Answer ✔juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons -Correct Answer ✔-Long nephron loops deeply invade
medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
BIO 253
,BIO 253
cortical nephrons -Correct Answer ✔-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? -Correct Answer ✔1.)Reabsorption - moving
substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration -Correct Answer ✔hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? -Correct Answer ✔filtrate
What is filtrate? -Correct Answer ✔mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop -Correct Answer ✔Only water is absorbed in
the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? -Correct Answer ✔@ Lowest
concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? -Correct Answer ✔Countercurrent
mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+
absorbed in the ascending limb.
tubular secretion -Correct Answer ✔-selectively moves substances from blood to
filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
BIO 253
, BIO 253
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function -Correct Answer ✔directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function -Correct Answer ✔-decreases sodium and water loss in urine
by returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells -Correct Answer ✔kidneys
ANH function -Correct Answer ✔Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so
dumps out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH -Correct Answer ✔increases reabsorption of water from urine back
into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
flow of urine through kidney -Correct Answer ✔Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
BIO 253
Bio 253 Final Exam Questions with
Verified Answers Graded A+ 2025-2026
Organelles are -Correct Answer ✔
Organs of the Urinary system -Correct Answer ✔kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal
artery, renal vein, ureter, nephron -Correct Answer ✔
functional unit of the kidney -Correct Answer ✔nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? -Correct Answer ✔Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
What is the glomerulus made of? -Correct Answer ✔capillaries
Function of a nephron -Correct Answer ✔filter blood and produce urine
Two nephron types -Correct Answer ✔juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons -Correct Answer ✔-Long nephron loops deeply invade
medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla
BIO 253
,BIO 253
cortical nephrons -Correct Answer ✔-85% of all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular capillaries around PCT and DCT
How is urine made in the kidney? -Correct Answer ✔1.)Reabsorption - moving
substances with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration -Correct Answer ✔hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? -Correct Answer ✔filtrate
What is filtrate? -Correct Answer ✔mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop -Correct Answer ✔Only water is absorbed in
the descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? -Correct Answer ✔@ Lowest
concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? -Correct Answer ✔Countercurrent
mechanism (dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+
absorbed in the ascending limb.
tubular secretion -Correct Answer ✔-selectively moves substances from blood to
filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
BIO 253
, BIO 253
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function -Correct Answer ✔directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
Aldosterone function -Correct Answer ✔-decreases sodium and water loss in urine
by returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells -Correct Answer ✔kidneys
ANH function -Correct Answer ✔Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so
dumps out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH -Correct Answer ✔increases reabsorption of water from urine back
into plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
flow of urine through kidney -Correct Answer ✔Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
BIO 253
