BIO 253
BIO 253 Exam 5 Review (Ch. 12-14) Study Guide
Questions with Correct Verified Answers 2025
neuroglia -Correct Answer ✔cells that support the activities of neurons
central nervous system
and peripheral nervous system -Correct Answer ✔what are the two subdivision of
the nervous system
neurology -Correct Answer ✔deals with normal functioning and disorders of the
nervous system
neurologist -Correct Answer ✔a physician who diagnosis and treats disorders of
the nervous system
central nervous system -Correct Answer ✔consists of the brain and the spinal cord;
processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information; the source of
thoughts, emotions, and memories. Most signals that stimulate muscles to contract
and glands to secrete originate here
peripheral nervous system -Correct Answer ✔consists of all nervous tissue outside
of the brain and the spinal cord; includes nerves and sensory receptors.
nerve -Correct Answer ✔a bundle of hundreds of thousands of axons plus
associated connective tissue and blood vessels that lies outside the brain and spinal
cord.
12 -Correct Answer ✔how many cranial nerves are there?
31 -Correct Answer ✔how many pairs of spinal cord nerves are there?
BIO 253
,BIO 253
sensory receptor -Correct Answer ✔a structure of the nervous system that monitors
changes in external or internal environment.
sensory and motor -Correct Answer ✔what are the two divisions of the peripheral
nervous system
sensory (afferent) division -Correct Answer ✔conveys input into the CNS from
sensory receptors in the body. Provides the CNS sensory information about the
somatic senses and special senses
somatic senses -Correct Answer ✔tactile, thermal, pain, proprioceptive sensations
special senses -Correct Answer ✔smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium
motor (efferent) division -Correct Answer ✔conveys output from the CNS to
effectors (muscles and glands). This division is further subdivided into somatic
nervous system and an autonomic nervous system.
somatic nervous system (SNS) -Correct Answer ✔conveys output from the CNS to
skeletal muscles only; motor responses can be consciously controlled, the action of
this part of the PNS is voluntary.
autonomic nervous system (ANS) -Correct Answer ✔conveys output from the
CNS to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands; motor responses are not
consciously controlled, the action of this part of the PNS is involuntary.
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system -Correct Answer ✔what are the two subdivision
of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system -Correct Answer ✔takes care of the "rest and
digest" activities
BIO 253
, BIO 253
sympathetic nervous system -Correct Answer ✔helps support exercise or
emergency actions- the so called "fight or flight" responses.
enteric nervous system -Correct Answer ✔third part of the autonomic nervous
system; confined to the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. Helps regulate the
activity of the smooth muscles and glands of the GI tract. Can function
independently, but is also regulated by other branches in the ANS.
sensory
integrative
motor -Correct Answer ✔what are the three main functions of the nervous system
sensory function -Correct Answer ✔sensory receptors detect internal stimuli, such
as an increase in blood pressure, or external stimuli (raindrop falling on your skin).
this sensory information is then carried into the brain and spinal cord through
cranial and spinal nerves
integrative function -Correct Answer ✔the nervous system processes sensory
information by analyzing it and making decisions for appropriate responses
motor function -Correct Answer ✔once sensory information is integrated, the
nervous system may elect an appropriate motor response by activating effectors
through cranial and spinal nerves. stimulation of the effectors causes muscles to
contract and glands to secrete.
hormones -Correct Answer ✔endocrine cells release tiny amounts of chemicals
into circulating fluids; produce varying effects; target = virtually all body cells (but
most have receptors); generally control growth and metabolism
endocrine system -Correct Answer ✔where are hormones found
BIO 253
BIO 253 Exam 5 Review (Ch. 12-14) Study Guide
Questions with Correct Verified Answers 2025
neuroglia -Correct Answer ✔cells that support the activities of neurons
central nervous system
and peripheral nervous system -Correct Answer ✔what are the two subdivision of
the nervous system
neurology -Correct Answer ✔deals with normal functioning and disorders of the
nervous system
neurologist -Correct Answer ✔a physician who diagnosis and treats disorders of
the nervous system
central nervous system -Correct Answer ✔consists of the brain and the spinal cord;
processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information; the source of
thoughts, emotions, and memories. Most signals that stimulate muscles to contract
and glands to secrete originate here
peripheral nervous system -Correct Answer ✔consists of all nervous tissue outside
of the brain and the spinal cord; includes nerves and sensory receptors.
nerve -Correct Answer ✔a bundle of hundreds of thousands of axons plus
associated connective tissue and blood vessels that lies outside the brain and spinal
cord.
12 -Correct Answer ✔how many cranial nerves are there?
31 -Correct Answer ✔how many pairs of spinal cord nerves are there?
BIO 253
,BIO 253
sensory receptor -Correct Answer ✔a structure of the nervous system that monitors
changes in external or internal environment.
sensory and motor -Correct Answer ✔what are the two divisions of the peripheral
nervous system
sensory (afferent) division -Correct Answer ✔conveys input into the CNS from
sensory receptors in the body. Provides the CNS sensory information about the
somatic senses and special senses
somatic senses -Correct Answer ✔tactile, thermal, pain, proprioceptive sensations
special senses -Correct Answer ✔smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium
motor (efferent) division -Correct Answer ✔conveys output from the CNS to
effectors (muscles and glands). This division is further subdivided into somatic
nervous system and an autonomic nervous system.
somatic nervous system (SNS) -Correct Answer ✔conveys output from the CNS to
skeletal muscles only; motor responses can be consciously controlled, the action of
this part of the PNS is voluntary.
autonomic nervous system (ANS) -Correct Answer ✔conveys output from the
CNS to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands; motor responses are not
consciously controlled, the action of this part of the PNS is involuntary.
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system -Correct Answer ✔what are the two subdivision
of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system -Correct Answer ✔takes care of the "rest and
digest" activities
BIO 253
, BIO 253
sympathetic nervous system -Correct Answer ✔helps support exercise or
emergency actions- the so called "fight or flight" responses.
enteric nervous system -Correct Answer ✔third part of the autonomic nervous
system; confined to the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. Helps regulate the
activity of the smooth muscles and glands of the GI tract. Can function
independently, but is also regulated by other branches in the ANS.
sensory
integrative
motor -Correct Answer ✔what are the three main functions of the nervous system
sensory function -Correct Answer ✔sensory receptors detect internal stimuli, such
as an increase in blood pressure, or external stimuli (raindrop falling on your skin).
this sensory information is then carried into the brain and spinal cord through
cranial and spinal nerves
integrative function -Correct Answer ✔the nervous system processes sensory
information by analyzing it and making decisions for appropriate responses
motor function -Correct Answer ✔once sensory information is integrated, the
nervous system may elect an appropriate motor response by activating effectors
through cranial and spinal nerves. stimulation of the effectors causes muscles to
contract and glands to secrete.
hormones -Correct Answer ✔endocrine cells release tiny amounts of chemicals
into circulating fluids; produce varying effects; target = virtually all body cells (but
most have receptors); generally control growth and metabolism
endocrine system -Correct Answer ✔where are hormones found
BIO 253
