MICR 271 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Three domains of life
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
If a eukaryote has a membrane-enclosed nucleus, a prokaryote has:
a nucleoid, not membrane enclosed
If a eukaryote has lysosomes/peroxisomes, a prokaryote has:
not present
If a eukaryote has an endoplasmic reticulum/golgi apparatus, a prokaryote has:
not present
If a eukaryote has a mitochondria, a prokaryote has:
not present
Bacteria
Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Archaea
Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
Eukaryota
Domain of organisms that contain a nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles
endosymbiont hypothesis
eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, based on the similarities found between bacteria and
mitochondria
Symbiosis
, the living together to close association of two dissimilar organisms, each being known as a
symbiont
Differences between mitchondria+chloroplast and other organelles
contain their own DNA and have a distinct translation system
a-proteobacteria
a subgroup of proteobacteria, which are a large group of eubacteria, primarily Gram-negative,
that 16S rRNA sequence comparisons show to be phylogenetically related
Archezoan Scenario
A primitive amitochondrial eukaryote cell phagocytosed as an a-protobacterium - leading to the
evolution of the mitochondrion
symbiogenesis scenario
A single endosymbiotic event involving the uptake of an a-protobacterium by an archaeal cell led
to the generation of the mitochondria, followed by the evolution of the nucleus and
compartmentalization of the eukaryotic cell
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Phylogenetic tree of life
compares the rRNA sequences between organisms
Comparing the domains of life: nucleus
bacteria: no
archaea: no
eukaryota: yes
Comparing the domains of life: RNA polymerase
CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Three domains of life
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
If a eukaryote has a membrane-enclosed nucleus, a prokaryote has:
a nucleoid, not membrane enclosed
If a eukaryote has lysosomes/peroxisomes, a prokaryote has:
not present
If a eukaryote has an endoplasmic reticulum/golgi apparatus, a prokaryote has:
not present
If a eukaryote has a mitochondria, a prokaryote has:
not present
Bacteria
Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Archaea
Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
Eukaryota
Domain of organisms that contain a nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles
endosymbiont hypothesis
eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, based on the similarities found between bacteria and
mitochondria
Symbiosis
, the living together to close association of two dissimilar organisms, each being known as a
symbiont
Differences between mitchondria+chloroplast and other organelles
contain their own DNA and have a distinct translation system
a-proteobacteria
a subgroup of proteobacteria, which are a large group of eubacteria, primarily Gram-negative,
that 16S rRNA sequence comparisons show to be phylogenetically related
Archezoan Scenario
A primitive amitochondrial eukaryote cell phagocytosed as an a-protobacterium - leading to the
evolution of the mitochondrion
symbiogenesis scenario
A single endosymbiotic event involving the uptake of an a-protobacterium by an archaeal cell led
to the generation of the mitochondria, followed by the evolution of the nucleus and
compartmentalization of the eukaryotic cell
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Phylogenetic tree of life
compares the rRNA sequences between organisms
Comparing the domains of life: nucleus
bacteria: no
archaea: no
eukaryota: yes
Comparing the domains of life: RNA polymerase
