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TEST BANK
Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice
by Janie B. Butts, Karen L. Rich
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3rd Edition
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SH
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Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
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D. Pathology
Ans: D
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3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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l of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
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B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
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Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some
type of human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
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subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
in repeat experiments.
Ans: C
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5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
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or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
H
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
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C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
R
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
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D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
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A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
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9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
SC
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
H
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
O
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
LA
Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts? TESTBANKSELLER.COM
A. Logical positivism
R
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
SH
Ans: B
EL
F
kjhgfds
TEST BANK
Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice
by Janie B. Butts, Karen L. Rich
SC
3rd Edition
H
O
LA
R
SH
EL
F
kjhgfds
, kjhgfds
Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
SC
B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
Ans: A
2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
H
A. Social work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities
O
D. Pathology
Ans: D
LA
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
Roberta’s views are most closTeE
lySrT
efB
leA
ctN
ivKeSoELhLiE
fw chRs.
chCoOoM
l of scientific thought?
A. Natural Science
R
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
SH
Ans: B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some
type of human need.
B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
EL
subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
in repeat experiments.
Ans: C
F
5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
subjective biases of different disciplines.
B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
functional abilities.
C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situation
SC
or change viewpoints.
D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
controlling outcomes.
Ans: D
6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
H
asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
O
Peter’s discovery exemplify?
A. Intersubjective testability
B. Reliability
LA
C. Definiteness and precision
D. Coherence
Ans: A TESTBANKSELLER.COM
7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
R
A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
B. Utilization of process and outcome.
C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism.
SH
D. Application of epistemology and ontology.
Ans: C
8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
of knowledge?
EL
A. Doctrine
B. Common sense
C. Tradition
D. Authority
Ans: C
F
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9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does,
whether in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by
cause and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing instead
that the world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or
desires. Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
SC
A. Phenomenology
B. Logical positivism
C. Hermeneutics
D. Post-structuralism
Ans: B
H
10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
A. “Observation is completely unbiased.”
O
B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.”
C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.”
D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
LA
Ans: D
11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
parts? TESTBANKSELLER.COM
A. Logical positivism
R
B. Chaos and Complexity
C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutics
SH
Ans: B
EL
F
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