GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
GNRS 610 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY APU SOLVED ANSWERS
GRADED A COMPLETE 100 Q&A
The term used to describe a person who experiences a lack of all hormones associated with the
anterior pituitary is:
A. panhypopituitarism.
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency.
C. hypopituitarism.
D. anterior pituitary failure
A. panhypopituitarism.
A primary adenoma causes thyroid and adrenal hypofunction because the tumor:
A. metastasizes to the thyroid and adrenal glands through the lymphatic system causing
reduced secretion of necessary hormones.
B. has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior
pituitary hormones.
C. invades the hypothalamus adjacent to it and causes a reduction in the amount of hormones
produced
D. releases tumor markers that occupy the hormone receptor sites of other endocrine organs
B. has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior
pituitary hormones.
,GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults?
A. Cushing syndrome
B. Acromegaly
C. Giantism (only in children and adolescents)
D. Myxedema
B. Acromegaly
Giantism only occurs in children and adolescents because their:
A. growth hormones are still diminished
B. epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
C. skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed
D. metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood.
B. epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
A. viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone (TH).
B. autoimmune process in which thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous tissue.
C. thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
D. ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
C. thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes
,GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually:
A. high
B. low
C. normal
D. fluctuating
B. low
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
A. Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss
B. Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin
C. Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia
D. Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
D. Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
Post-thyroidectomy, a person develops muscle spasms, increased deep tendon reflexes, and
laryngeal spasm. The most likely cause of these findings is:
A. calcium deficit due to reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH).
B. overuse of radioactive iodine given preoperatively
C. a history of insufficient dietary intake of iodine
D. an increase in serum phosphorus caused by reduced calcitonin.
, GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
A. calcium deficit due to reduced
A man with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20;
serum glucose 500 mg/dl; urine glucose and ketones positive; serum K+ 2 mEq/L; serum Na+
130 mEq/L. He reports that he has been sick with the "flu" for 1 week. What relationship do
these values have to his insulin deficiency?
A. Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular
space.
B. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis.
C. Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic
alkalosis
D. Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and
electrolyte loss
B. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis.
Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of:
A. the formation of ketones
B. chronic insulin resistance.
C. an elevation in serum glucose.
D. an increase in antidiuretic hormone.
C. an elevation in serum glucose.
GNRS 610 EXAM 2 LATEST 2025 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY APU SOLVED ANSWERS
GRADED A COMPLETE 100 Q&A
The term used to describe a person who experiences a lack of all hormones associated with the
anterior pituitary is:
A. panhypopituitarism.
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency.
C. hypopituitarism.
D. anterior pituitary failure
A. panhypopituitarism.
A primary adenoma causes thyroid and adrenal hypofunction because the tumor:
A. metastasizes to the thyroid and adrenal glands through the lymphatic system causing
reduced secretion of necessary hormones.
B. has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior
pituitary hormones.
C. invades the hypothalamus adjacent to it and causes a reduction in the amount of hormones
produced
D. releases tumor markers that occupy the hormone receptor sites of other endocrine organs
B. has a paradoxical effect on adjacent cells, which results in hyposecretion of other anterior
pituitary hormones.
,GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults?
A. Cushing syndrome
B. Acromegaly
C. Giantism (only in children and adolescents)
D. Myxedema
B. Acromegaly
Giantism only occurs in children and adolescents because their:
A. growth hormones are still diminished
B. epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
C. skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed
D. metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood.
B. epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
Graves disease develops from a(n):
A. viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone (TH).
B. autoimmune process in which thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous tissue.
C. thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
D. ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter
C. thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins that causes
,GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually:
A. high
B. low
C. normal
D. fluctuating
B. low
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
A. Intolerance to heat, tachycardia, and weight loss
B. Oligomenorrhea, fatigue, and warm skin
C. Restlessness, increased appetite, and metrorrhagia
D. Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
D. Constipation, decreased heat rate, and lethargy
Post-thyroidectomy, a person develops muscle spasms, increased deep tendon reflexes, and
laryngeal spasm. The most likely cause of these findings is:
A. calcium deficit due to reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH).
B. overuse of radioactive iodine given preoperatively
C. a history of insufficient dietary intake of iodine
D. an increase in serum phosphorus caused by reduced calcitonin.
, GNRS 610 Advanced Pathophysiology Azusa Pacific University
A. calcium deficit due to reduced
A man with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20;
serum glucose 500 mg/dl; urine glucose and ketones positive; serum K+ 2 mEq/L; serum Na+
130 mEq/L. He reports that he has been sick with the "flu" for 1 week. What relationship do
these values have to his insulin deficiency?
A. Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular
space.
B. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis.
C. Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic
alkalosis
D. Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and
electrolyte loss
B. Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic
diuresis.
Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of:
A. the formation of ketones
B. chronic insulin resistance.
C. an elevation in serum glucose.
D. an increase in antidiuretic hormone.
C. an elevation in serum glucose.
