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Grade 12 Biology Exam QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025
FUNCTION OF DNA LIGASE - correct-answer-a sealing enzyme
PROMOTER - correct-answer-binds with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
MET-TRNA - correct-answer-called the initiation complex and is the start of
polypeptide assembly
RNA SPLICING - correct-answer-when introns from the primary transcript and the
final "processed" mRNA is produced
mRNA (messenger RNA) - correct-answer-carries genetic information from DNA in
the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer RNA) - correct-answer-transports amino acids to the ribosome
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rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - correct-answer-associates with protein to form the
ribosome
NONSENSE - correct-answer-may cause a premature termination of the mRNA
because of the substitution, deletion, or addition or nucleotides that code for a
"stop" codon
MISSENSE - correct-answer-substitution of nucleotides that alters only one amino
acid sequence (little or no effect on the polypeptide formation)
SILENT MUTATION - correct-answer-substitution of a nucleotide that codes for the
same amino acid → no change in the formation of the polypeptide.
TRANSLOCATION - correct-answer-one chromosome breaks off & is added to a
different chromosome
INVERSION - correct-answer-chromosome breaks off & is reinserted
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ADDITION - correct-answer-duplication of genes on the same chromosome (also
called addition)
DELETION - correct-answer-part of a chromosome is left out
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION - correct-answer-single base is added/deleted. One of
the most severe types ofmutations
POINT MUTATION - correct-answer-change in a single base pair of DNA
EVOLUTION - correct-answer-changes over many generations
FITNESS - correct-answer-is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the
gene pool of the next generation
MICROEVOLUTION - correct-answer-changes in gene frequencies within a
population
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GENETIC DRIFT - correct-answer-a random change in the frequency of alleles in a
population
FOSSILS - correct-answer-preserved remains of organisms; can show speciation,
successive changes in structures, and extinction of organisms
ADAPTATION - correct-answer-helpful variations of species that provides
improved functions in populations
SPECIES - correct-answer-organisms that share similar characteristics and can
reproduce among themselves to produce a fertile offspring; usually a Latin name
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION - correct-answer-inability of a species to breed
successfully (geographical, behavioural, physiological, genetic barriers) → usually
leads to speciation
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE - correct-answer-developed by Carolus Linnaeus →
two word naming system (genus=1st word, species=2nd word)
Grade 12 Biology Exam QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025
FUNCTION OF DNA LIGASE - correct-answer-a sealing enzyme
PROMOTER - correct-answer-binds with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
MET-TRNA - correct-answer-called the initiation complex and is the start of
polypeptide assembly
RNA SPLICING - correct-answer-when introns from the primary transcript and the
final "processed" mRNA is produced
mRNA (messenger RNA) - correct-answer-carries genetic information from DNA in
the nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
tRNA (transfer RNA) - correct-answer-transports amino acids to the ribosome
,2|Page
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) - correct-answer-associates with protein to form the
ribosome
NONSENSE - correct-answer-may cause a premature termination of the mRNA
because of the substitution, deletion, or addition or nucleotides that code for a
"stop" codon
MISSENSE - correct-answer-substitution of nucleotides that alters only one amino
acid sequence (little or no effect on the polypeptide formation)
SILENT MUTATION - correct-answer-substitution of a nucleotide that codes for the
same amino acid → no change in the formation of the polypeptide.
TRANSLOCATION - correct-answer-one chromosome breaks off & is added to a
different chromosome
INVERSION - correct-answer-chromosome breaks off & is reinserted
,3|Page
ADDITION - correct-answer-duplication of genes on the same chromosome (also
called addition)
DELETION - correct-answer-part of a chromosome is left out
FRAMESHIFT MUTATION - correct-answer-single base is added/deleted. One of
the most severe types ofmutations
POINT MUTATION - correct-answer-change in a single base pair of DNA
EVOLUTION - correct-answer-changes over many generations
FITNESS - correct-answer-is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the
gene pool of the next generation
MICROEVOLUTION - correct-answer-changes in gene frequencies within a
population
, 4|Page
GENETIC DRIFT - correct-answer-a random change in the frequency of alleles in a
population
FOSSILS - correct-answer-preserved remains of organisms; can show speciation,
successive changes in structures, and extinction of organisms
ADAPTATION - correct-answer-helpful variations of species that provides
improved functions in populations
SPECIES - correct-answer-organisms that share similar characteristics and can
reproduce among themselves to produce a fertile offspring; usually a Latin name
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION - correct-answer-inability of a species to breed
successfully (geographical, behavioural, physiological, genetic barriers) → usually
leads to speciation
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE - correct-answer-developed by Carolus Linnaeus →
two word naming system (genus=1st word, species=2nd word)
