PATHOPYSIOLOGY NURS 5060
FINAL SUMMER EXAMS VERIFIED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
GRADED A PLUS (BRAND NEW!!!)
dyscrasia
Abnormality of blood or bone marrow; abnormal cell characteristics or
numbers.
dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath
ecchymoses
Bluish discoloration of an area of skin or mucous membrane caused by the
extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues as a result of trauma to
the underlying blood vessels or fragility of the vessel walls. Also called
bruise. (other causes = leukemia, bleeding disorders)
erythrocytosis
An abnormal increase in number of red blood cells; also called polycythemia
,erythropoietin
A hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells and hemoglobin in
the bone marrow, synthesized in response to low levels of oxygen in the
tissues
ferritin
Primary iron storage protein; soluble in blood; serum level reflects marrow
storage iron
gastrectomy
Surgical removal of all or portion of stomach; gastric resection
glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue. Can be caused by deficiencies of vitamin B12,
folic acid, and iron. The tongue is painful, sometimes covered with ulcers,
and swallowing is difficult.
hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joint cavity. Most common manifestation in patients with
hemophilia
hematocrit
The proportion of RBC to the total blood volume. (f) 37-47% ; (m) 42-52 %,
hematopoiesis
,Blood cell production from stem cells. Occurs in the liver and spleen of the
fetus, then occurs in bone marrow after birth.
hemoptysis
Frothy sputum containing streaks of blood, usually bright red.
Coughing/spitting up blood
hemosiderin
Insoluble form of iron storage; occurs when ferritin stores are at capacity
hemostasis
Process of blood clotting or control of bleeding. Involves both fibrinogen
and Factor VIII.
hepatomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the liver, usually associated with liver disease or
heart failure. Detected if the span of liver dullness is increased.
hypochromic
Less color in blood; decrease in hemoglobin in RBC.
interleukin
Protein (cytokine) primarily produced by T cells, active in inflammatory and
immune responses and leukocyte communication.
, leukocytosis
An increase in the number of leukocytes (WBC) in the blood as a result of
fever, inflammation, hemorrhage, infection, etc.
metaplasia
one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type. May be
adaptive to provide more resistant tissue (ex stratified squamous epithelium
replaces ciliated columnar epithelium in respiratory tracts of smokers.)
dysplasia
tissue cells vary in size and shape, atypical cells, often with large nuclei,
increased rate of mitosis. May be from chronic irritation infection or may be
precancer.
anaplasia
cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and
numerous mitotic figures. Characteristic of cancer, basis for grading
aggressiveness of tumor.
neoplasia
new growth. Commonly called tumor, benign or malignant. Unique
appearance and growth pattern.
2 stages of cell death
1. Initial - cell damage causes alteration in metabolic reation.
FINAL SUMMER EXAMS VERIFIED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025
GRADED A PLUS (BRAND NEW!!!)
dyscrasia
Abnormality of blood or bone marrow; abnormal cell characteristics or
numbers.
dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath
ecchymoses
Bluish discoloration of an area of skin or mucous membrane caused by the
extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues as a result of trauma to
the underlying blood vessels or fragility of the vessel walls. Also called
bruise. (other causes = leukemia, bleeding disorders)
erythrocytosis
An abnormal increase in number of red blood cells; also called polycythemia
,erythropoietin
A hormone that stimulates production of red blood cells and hemoglobin in
the bone marrow, synthesized in response to low levels of oxygen in the
tissues
ferritin
Primary iron storage protein; soluble in blood; serum level reflects marrow
storage iron
gastrectomy
Surgical removal of all or portion of stomach; gastric resection
glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue. Can be caused by deficiencies of vitamin B12,
folic acid, and iron. The tongue is painful, sometimes covered with ulcers,
and swallowing is difficult.
hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joint cavity. Most common manifestation in patients with
hemophilia
hematocrit
The proportion of RBC to the total blood volume. (f) 37-47% ; (m) 42-52 %,
hematopoiesis
,Blood cell production from stem cells. Occurs in the liver and spleen of the
fetus, then occurs in bone marrow after birth.
hemoptysis
Frothy sputum containing streaks of blood, usually bright red.
Coughing/spitting up blood
hemosiderin
Insoluble form of iron storage; occurs when ferritin stores are at capacity
hemostasis
Process of blood clotting or control of bleeding. Involves both fibrinogen
and Factor VIII.
hepatomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the liver, usually associated with liver disease or
heart failure. Detected if the span of liver dullness is increased.
hypochromic
Less color in blood; decrease in hemoglobin in RBC.
interleukin
Protein (cytokine) primarily produced by T cells, active in inflammatory and
immune responses and leukocyte communication.
, leukocytosis
An increase in the number of leukocytes (WBC) in the blood as a result of
fever, inflammation, hemorrhage, infection, etc.
metaplasia
one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type. May be
adaptive to provide more resistant tissue (ex stratified squamous epithelium
replaces ciliated columnar epithelium in respiratory tracts of smokers.)
dysplasia
tissue cells vary in size and shape, atypical cells, often with large nuclei,
increased rate of mitosis. May be from chronic irritation infection or may be
precancer.
anaplasia
cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and
numerous mitotic figures. Characteristic of cancer, basis for grading
aggressiveness of tumor.
neoplasia
new growth. Commonly called tumor, benign or malignant. Unique
appearance and growth pattern.
2 stages of cell death
1. Initial - cell damage causes alteration in metabolic reation.
