GEORGETTE MODULE 3 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
SOLVED
, What is a decreased effect of the same dose of a medication over time? -
ANSWERTolerance
Ex. taking 2 pills of ibuprofen over a period of time so now needing to take 3 pills to
achieve the same effect
What is it called when there is a tendency of some regions of the brain to react to
repeated LOW level bioelectrical stimulation by progressively boosting synaptic
discharges thereby lowering seizure thresholds? - ANSWERKindling
Kindling explanation/definition - ANSWERProcess of neuronal membrane threshold
sensitivity dysfunction
-D/t sub-threshold brain stimulation
-Brain is overly sensitive to electrical stimuli
-Neuronal misfiring (occurs w/o stimuli)
Kindling in the context of mood D/O recurrence - ANSWERRepeated episodes of mood
D/Os lead to greater susceptibility to future episodes (repeated decline with repeated
episodes- Ex. When someone has a psych disorder, each time they relapse, it may be
harder to get them back up to their baseline)
3 types of ADHD - ANSWERInattention
Hyperactivity/impulsivity
Combined type
Dx criteria for ADHD (all 3 types) - ANSWER-Hyperactivity type, Inattentive type= 6 for
children under 17, 5 for 17+/adults
-Combined type
-6 MONTHS
-BEFORE AGE 12
-****2+ SETTINGS*****
Inattentive ADHD criteria symptoms - ANSWER"If Unmotivated, Dig Deep Down And
Find Lost Drive"
a) Inattention to detail/careless mistakes
b) Unable to maintain sustained attention
c) Difficulty listening when spoken to
d) Difficulty following directions
e) Disorganized
f) Avoids sustained mental effort
g) Forgetful
h) Loses things
i) Distractible
, Hyperactivity ADHD Criteria symptoms - ANSWER"Fix Difficulty Running Down On
Treadmill By Doing Intervals"
a) Fidgets
b) Difficultly remaining seated
c) Runs or climbs excessively (feelings restless in adolescents or adults)
d) Difficulty engaging quietly
e) "On the go"; "Driven by a motor"
f) Talks excessively
g) Blurts out answers
h) Difficulty waiting turn
i) Interrupts or intrudes
Basal Ganglia function - ANSWER-Motor initiation and control
-Muscle tone, posture, common reflexes
-Executive function
-Emotions
Brain Abnormalities Etiology of ADHD - ANSWERAbnormalities in fronto-subcortical
pathway AKA the Frontal cortex, Basal Ganglia, RAS
RAS (reticular activating system) - ANSWERRegulates arousal and sleep-wake
transitions, ability to focus, fight-flight response
What neurotransmitter abnormalities are seen in ADHD?? -
ANSWERNeurotransmitters= **DNS**(DA, NE, 5HT)**
Stimulants for ADHD include and what ages are they approved for?? -
ANSWERAdderall/dextroamphetamine+amphetamine (3 and up)
Methylphenidate (6 and up)
What should you assess prior to giving a stimulant for ADHD? why?? -
ANSWERCardiac hx because they can cause elevated HR & BP, increase risk of
MI/CVA/Aneurysm rupture
Amphetamines are approved for what age?? - ANSWER***age 3 and older***
Methylphenidate is approved for what age?? - ANSWER**age 6 and older**
If ADHD med is wearing off too soon, what should you do?**** - ANSWERMultiple
dosing or change to extended release******
Non-stimulants for ADHD include - ANSWER1. Alpha2 agonists= **Clonidine &
Guanfacine** (approved ages 6-17 w/ ADHD)
2. Straterra (atomoxetine) approved for >/= 6yr (NE reuptake inhibitor --> inc. NE & DA
in PFC)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
SOLVED
, What is a decreased effect of the same dose of a medication over time? -
ANSWERTolerance
Ex. taking 2 pills of ibuprofen over a period of time so now needing to take 3 pills to
achieve the same effect
What is it called when there is a tendency of some regions of the brain to react to
repeated LOW level bioelectrical stimulation by progressively boosting synaptic
discharges thereby lowering seizure thresholds? - ANSWERKindling
Kindling explanation/definition - ANSWERProcess of neuronal membrane threshold
sensitivity dysfunction
-D/t sub-threshold brain stimulation
-Brain is overly sensitive to electrical stimuli
-Neuronal misfiring (occurs w/o stimuli)
Kindling in the context of mood D/O recurrence - ANSWERRepeated episodes of mood
D/Os lead to greater susceptibility to future episodes (repeated decline with repeated
episodes- Ex. When someone has a psych disorder, each time they relapse, it may be
harder to get them back up to their baseline)
3 types of ADHD - ANSWERInattention
Hyperactivity/impulsivity
Combined type
Dx criteria for ADHD (all 3 types) - ANSWER-Hyperactivity type, Inattentive type= 6 for
children under 17, 5 for 17+/adults
-Combined type
-6 MONTHS
-BEFORE AGE 12
-****2+ SETTINGS*****
Inattentive ADHD criteria symptoms - ANSWER"If Unmotivated, Dig Deep Down And
Find Lost Drive"
a) Inattention to detail/careless mistakes
b) Unable to maintain sustained attention
c) Difficulty listening when spoken to
d) Difficulty following directions
e) Disorganized
f) Avoids sustained mental effort
g) Forgetful
h) Loses things
i) Distractible
, Hyperactivity ADHD Criteria symptoms - ANSWER"Fix Difficulty Running Down On
Treadmill By Doing Intervals"
a) Fidgets
b) Difficultly remaining seated
c) Runs or climbs excessively (feelings restless in adolescents or adults)
d) Difficulty engaging quietly
e) "On the go"; "Driven by a motor"
f) Talks excessively
g) Blurts out answers
h) Difficulty waiting turn
i) Interrupts or intrudes
Basal Ganglia function - ANSWER-Motor initiation and control
-Muscle tone, posture, common reflexes
-Executive function
-Emotions
Brain Abnormalities Etiology of ADHD - ANSWERAbnormalities in fronto-subcortical
pathway AKA the Frontal cortex, Basal Ganglia, RAS
RAS (reticular activating system) - ANSWERRegulates arousal and sleep-wake
transitions, ability to focus, fight-flight response
What neurotransmitter abnormalities are seen in ADHD?? -
ANSWERNeurotransmitters= **DNS**(DA, NE, 5HT)**
Stimulants for ADHD include and what ages are they approved for?? -
ANSWERAdderall/dextroamphetamine+amphetamine (3 and up)
Methylphenidate (6 and up)
What should you assess prior to giving a stimulant for ADHD? why?? -
ANSWERCardiac hx because they can cause elevated HR & BP, increase risk of
MI/CVA/Aneurysm rupture
Amphetamines are approved for what age?? - ANSWER***age 3 and older***
Methylphenidate is approved for what age?? - ANSWER**age 6 and older**
If ADHD med is wearing off too soon, what should you do?**** - ANSWERMultiple
dosing or change to extended release******
Non-stimulants for ADHD include - ANSWER1. Alpha2 agonists= **Clonidine &
Guanfacine** (approved ages 6-17 w/ ADHD)
2. Straterra (atomoxetine) approved for >/= 6yr (NE reuptake inhibitor --> inc. NE & DA
in PFC)
