GNRS 582A ALTERED CELLULAR AND TISSUE
BIOLOGY
Cellular Adaptation - Answers - Cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
Atrophy - Answers - decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - Answers - increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - Answers - increase in cell number caused by increased rate of cellular
division
Metaplasia - Answers - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type; involves the reprogramming of stem cells, can occur in response to
chronic irritation and inflammation (smoking or GERD)
Dysplasia - Answers - deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that
vary in size, shape, and organization; it is not a true adaptive change but rather an
atypical hyperplasia
Atrophy can be - Answers - physiologic (early development) or pathologic (decrease
workload) and can refer to an organ or a tissue
Hypertrophy can be - Answers - in response to mechanical stimuli; and can refer to an
organ or a tissue; cells o the heart and kidney are especially prone to enlargement
Frank-Starling Law of the Heart - Answers - relationship between the length of the
cardia muscle fiber and the strength of the contraction; the greater the stretch the
stronger the contraction.
Physiological Hypertrophy is... - Answers - temporary and reversible
Hypertrophy of kidney - Answers - when a kidney is removed, the remaining kidney
adapts to the increased workload by increasing both in size and cell size
Pathological Hypertrophy is... - Answers - irreversible
Physiological Hyperplasia is... - Answers - reversible; compensatory 9some organs
can regenerate) or hormonal (occurs in breast and uterus)
Pathologic Hyperplasia is... - Answers - irreversible; abnormal proliferation of normal
cells in response to excessive hormonal or growth factor on target cells.
Dysplasia - Answers - refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization
of mature cells; often called atypical hyperplasia
BIOLOGY
Cellular Adaptation - Answers - Cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
Atrophy - Answers - decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy - Answers - increase in cell size
Hyperplasia - Answers - increase in cell number caused by increased rate of cellular
division
Metaplasia - Answers - reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type; involves the reprogramming of stem cells, can occur in response to
chronic irritation and inflammation (smoking or GERD)
Dysplasia - Answers - deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that
vary in size, shape, and organization; it is not a true adaptive change but rather an
atypical hyperplasia
Atrophy can be - Answers - physiologic (early development) or pathologic (decrease
workload) and can refer to an organ or a tissue
Hypertrophy can be - Answers - in response to mechanical stimuli; and can refer to an
organ or a tissue; cells o the heart and kidney are especially prone to enlargement
Frank-Starling Law of the Heart - Answers - relationship between the length of the
cardia muscle fiber and the strength of the contraction; the greater the stretch the
stronger the contraction.
Physiological Hypertrophy is... - Answers - temporary and reversible
Hypertrophy of kidney - Answers - when a kidney is removed, the remaining kidney
adapts to the increased workload by increasing both in size and cell size
Pathological Hypertrophy is... - Answers - irreversible
Physiological Hyperplasia is... - Answers - reversible; compensatory 9some organs
can regenerate) or hormonal (occurs in breast and uterus)
Pathologic Hyperplasia is... - Answers - irreversible; abnormal proliferation of normal
cells in response to excessive hormonal or growth factor on target cells.
Dysplasia - Answers - refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization
of mature cells; often called atypical hyperplasia
