SCRN EXAM REVIEW 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) - --Answer --Arises from basilar. Supplies
Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus, and Corpus
Callosum
Symptoms of PCA Stroke - --Answer ---Contralateral Visual Field
Homonymous hemianopia
-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-retraction nystagmus,
primary conjugate downward gaze)
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) - --Answer --Feeds anterior
inferior parts of the cerebellum
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,Symptoms of AICA Stroke - --Answer --Lateral Pontine Syndrome: vertigo,
vomiting, nystagmus, falling towards the side of the lesion, ipsilateral loss of
sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral hearing loss
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) - --Answer --Feeds cerebellum,
superior section of the medulla,. Choroid plexus and fourth ventricle
Symptoms of PICA Stroke - --Answer --Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral
Medullary Syndrome): Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the contralateral
trunk and ipsilateral face
Basilar Artery - --Answer --An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral
arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem (medulla and pons) and to the
posterior cerebral arteries.
Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke - --Answer --Coma, quadriparesis, ataxia,
dysarthria, CN dysfunction and visual deficits, Locked in Syndrome, Intranuclear
Opthalmoplegia, gaze paresis, Millard Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII damage
(diplopia facial weakness, loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze
palsy, dysarthria,. vertigo, tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia.
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) - --Answer --Feeds the media portion of the
frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum
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,Symptoms of ACA Stroke - --Answer --Contralateral motor/sensory deficits
impacting legs > arms
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) - --Answer --Feeds majority of the frontal,
parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal capsule. It is divided M1 - M4
Symptoms of MCA Stroke - --Answer ---Aphasia if dominant hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia: neglect or lack of self awareness
Venous Vascular Anatomy - --Answer --Venous channels enter into venous
sinuses located in the Dura matter.
Superior Sagittal Sinus - --Answer --Travels posteriorly between the cerebral
hemispheres towards the occiput
Straight Sinus - --Answer --Travels along the tentorium, draining blood from
the superior cerebellar veins.
Transverse Sinus - --Answer --Travels along the base of the occiput laterally
and forwardly
Sigmoid Sinus - --Answer --Begins beneath the temporal bone and travels to
the jugular foramen where it becomes the internal jugular veins
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, Stroke Pathophysiology - --Answer --Arterial blood flow to the brain tissue
fails to meet metabolic demands resulting in cell damage or death. ISCHEMIA
FIRST THEN INFARCT.
Penumbra - --Answer --Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by
ischemia but not yet infarcted
---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway - --Answer --Cell energy failure
Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway - --Answer --Programmed cell death
in the penumbral zone
ICH Stroke Pathophysiology - --Answer --Occurs when a cerebral blood
vessel opens abnormally and spills blood into brain tissue.
Classification of ICH Brain Injury - --Answer --Primary Brain Injury: Direct
result of the hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury: Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes mechanical
disruption and damage to cell membranes
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) - --Answer --Arises from basilar. Supplies
Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus, and Corpus
Callosum
Symptoms of PCA Stroke - --Answer ---Contralateral Visual Field
Homonymous hemianopia
-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-retraction nystagmus,
primary conjugate downward gaze)
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) - --Answer --Feeds anterior
inferior parts of the cerebellum
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,Symptoms of AICA Stroke - --Answer --Lateral Pontine Syndrome: vertigo,
vomiting, nystagmus, falling towards the side of the lesion, ipsilateral loss of
sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral hearing loss
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) - --Answer --Feeds cerebellum,
superior section of the medulla,. Choroid plexus and fourth ventricle
Symptoms of PICA Stroke - --Answer --Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral
Medullary Syndrome): Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the contralateral
trunk and ipsilateral face
Basilar Artery - --Answer --An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral
arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem (medulla and pons) and to the
posterior cerebral arteries.
Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke - --Answer --Coma, quadriparesis, ataxia,
dysarthria, CN dysfunction and visual deficits, Locked in Syndrome, Intranuclear
Opthalmoplegia, gaze paresis, Millard Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII damage
(diplopia facial weakness, loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze
palsy, dysarthria,. vertigo, tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia.
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) - --Answer --Feeds the media portion of the
frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,Symptoms of ACA Stroke - --Answer --Contralateral motor/sensory deficits
impacting legs > arms
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) - --Answer --Feeds majority of the frontal,
parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal capsule. It is divided M1 - M4
Symptoms of MCA Stroke - --Answer ---Aphasia if dominant hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia: neglect or lack of self awareness
Venous Vascular Anatomy - --Answer --Venous channels enter into venous
sinuses located in the Dura matter.
Superior Sagittal Sinus - --Answer --Travels posteriorly between the cerebral
hemispheres towards the occiput
Straight Sinus - --Answer --Travels along the tentorium, draining blood from
the superior cerebellar veins.
Transverse Sinus - --Answer --Travels along the base of the occiput laterally
and forwardly
Sigmoid Sinus - --Answer --Begins beneath the temporal bone and travels to
the jugular foramen where it becomes the internal jugular veins
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, Stroke Pathophysiology - --Answer --Arterial blood flow to the brain tissue
fails to meet metabolic demands resulting in cell damage or death. ISCHEMIA
FIRST THEN INFARCT.
Penumbra - --Answer --Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by
ischemia but not yet infarcted
---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway - --Answer --Cell energy failure
Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway - --Answer --Programmed cell death
in the penumbral zone
ICH Stroke Pathophysiology - --Answer --Occurs when a cerebral blood
vessel opens abnormally and spills blood into brain tissue.
Classification of ICH Brain Injury - --Answer --Primary Brain Injury: Direct
result of the hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury: Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes mechanical
disruption and damage to cell membranes
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
