PSYCH 1111 TRU Final Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
empirical |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-relying |on |or |derived |from |observation, |experimentation, |or
|measurement
psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |scientific |study |of |behavior |and |mental |processes
psychobabble |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pseudoscience |and |quackery |covered |by |a |veneer |of |
psychological |and |scientific-sounding |language
critical |thinking |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |ability |and |willingness |to |assess |claims |and |make |
objective |judgments |on |the |basis |of |well-supported |reasons |and |evidence |rather |than |emotion
|or |anecdote
Occams |Razor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |principle |of |choosing |the |solution |that |accounts |
for |the |most |evidence |while |making |the |fewest |unverified |assumptions.
phrenology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |now |discredited |theory |that |different |brain |areas |
account |for |specific |character |and |personality |traits, |which |can |be |"read" |from |bumps |on |the |
skull.
structuralism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-early |psych |approach |that |emphasized |the |analysis |of |
immediate |experiences |into |basic |elements
functionalism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |early |psychological |approach |that |emphasized |the |
function |or |purpose |of |behavior |and |consciousness
,psychoanalysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Freud's |theory |of |personality |that |attributes |thoughts |
and |actions |to |unconscious |motives |and |conflicts; |the |techniques |used |in |treating |
psychological |disorders |by |seeking |to |expose |and |interpret |unconscious |tensions
biological |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-approach |that |emphasizes |bodily |events |and |
changes |associated |with |actions |feelings |and |thoughts
evolutionary |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |the |importance |of |adaptation, |
reproduction, |and |"survival |of |the |fittest" |in |shaping |behavior
learning |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |how |the |environment |and |
experience |affect |a |person/animal |actions
behaviorism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |the |study |of |observable |behavior |and |the |
role |of |the |environment |and |prior |experiences |as |determinant |of |behavior
cognitive |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |psychological |approach |that |emphasizes |
mental |processes |in |perception, |memory, |language, |problem |solving, |and |other |areas |of |
behavior
socioculture |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-perspective |that |focuses |on |the |relationship |
between |social |behavior |and |culture
psychodynamic |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |unconscious |dynamics |within |
the |individual, |such |as |inner |forces, |conflicts, |or |the |movement |of |instinctual |energy
humanist |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |psychological |approach |that |emphasizes |
personal |growth, |resilience, |and |the |achievement |of |human |potential
,feminist |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |psychological |approach |that |analyzes |the |
influence |of |social |inequities |on |gender |relations |and |on |the |behavior |of |the |two |sexes
psychological |practice |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-providing |health |or |mental |health |services
basic |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |study |of |psychological |issues |in |order |to |seek |
knowledge |for |its |own |sake |rather |than |for |its |practical |application
applied |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |psychological |issues |that |have |direct |
practical |significance; |also, |the |application |of |psychological |findings.
psychotherapist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
psychoanalyst |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |person |who |has |obtained |specialized |training |at |a |
psychoanalysis |institute
psychiatrist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |medical |doctor |who |has |specialized |in |the |diagnosis |
and |treatment |of |psychological |disorders
theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |organized |system |of |assumptions |and |principles |that |
purports |to |explain |a |specified |set |of |phenomena |and |interrelationships
operational |definition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |precise |definition |of |a |term |in |a |hypothesis, |
which |specifies |the |operations |for |observing |and |measuring |the |process |or |phenomenon |
being |defined.
principle |of |falsifiability |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |principle |that |a |scientific |theory |must |
make |predictions |that |are |specific |enough |to |expose |the |theory |to |the |possibility |of |
disconfirmation; |that |is, |the |theory |must |predict |not |only |what |will |happen |but |also |what |will |
not |happen.
, confirmation |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |tendency |to |look |for |or |pay |attention |only |to |
information |that |confirms |one's |own |belief
representative |sample |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |group |of |individuals, |selected |from |a |
population |for |study, |which |matches |the |population |on |important |characteristics |such |as |age |
and |sex.
descriptive |methods |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-methods |that |yield |descriptions |of |behaviors |but
|not |necessarily |casual |explanations
case |study |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |detailed |description |or |particular |individual |being |
studied |or |treated
observational |study |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |study |in |which |the |researcher |carefully |and |
systematically |observes |and |records |behavior |without |interfering |with |the |behavior; |it |may |
involve |either |naturalistic |or |laboratory |observation
psychological |tests |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-procedures |used |to |measure |and |evaluate |
personality |traits, |emotional |states, |aptitudes, |interests, |abilities, |and |values
standardize |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |develop |uniform |procedures |for |giving |and |scoring |a |
test
norms |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-established |standard |of |performance
reliability |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-consistency |of |scores |derived |from |one |time |and |place |to |
another
With Correct Answers
empirical |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-relying |on |or |derived |from |observation, |experimentation, |or
|measurement
psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |scientific |study |of |behavior |and |mental |processes
psychobabble |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pseudoscience |and |quackery |covered |by |a |veneer |of |
psychological |and |scientific-sounding |language
critical |thinking |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |ability |and |willingness |to |assess |claims |and |make |
objective |judgments |on |the |basis |of |well-supported |reasons |and |evidence |rather |than |emotion
|or |anecdote
Occams |Razor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |principle |of |choosing |the |solution |that |accounts |
for |the |most |evidence |while |making |the |fewest |unverified |assumptions.
phrenology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |now |discredited |theory |that |different |brain |areas |
account |for |specific |character |and |personality |traits, |which |can |be |"read" |from |bumps |on |the |
skull.
structuralism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-early |psych |approach |that |emphasized |the |analysis |of |
immediate |experiences |into |basic |elements
functionalism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |early |psychological |approach |that |emphasized |the |
function |or |purpose |of |behavior |and |consciousness
,psychoanalysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Freud's |theory |of |personality |that |attributes |thoughts |
and |actions |to |unconscious |motives |and |conflicts; |the |techniques |used |in |treating |
psychological |disorders |by |seeking |to |expose |and |interpret |unconscious |tensions
biological |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-approach |that |emphasizes |bodily |events |and |
changes |associated |with |actions |feelings |and |thoughts
evolutionary |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |the |importance |of |adaptation, |
reproduction, |and |"survival |of |the |fittest" |in |shaping |behavior
learning |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |how |the |environment |and |
experience |affect |a |person/animal |actions
behaviorism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |the |study |of |observable |behavior |and |the |
role |of |the |environment |and |prior |experiences |as |determinant |of |behavior
cognitive |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |psychological |approach |that |emphasizes |
mental |processes |in |perception, |memory, |language, |problem |solving, |and |other |areas |of |
behavior
socioculture |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-perspective |that |focuses |on |the |relationship |
between |social |behavior |and |culture
psychodynamic |perspective |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-emphasizes |unconscious |dynamics |within |
the |individual, |such |as |inner |forces, |conflicts, |or |the |movement |of |instinctual |energy
humanist |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |psychological |approach |that |emphasizes |
personal |growth, |resilience, |and |the |achievement |of |human |potential
,feminist |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |psychological |approach |that |analyzes |the |
influence |of |social |inequities |on |gender |relations |and |on |the |behavior |of |the |two |sexes
psychological |practice |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-providing |health |or |mental |health |services
basic |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |study |of |psychological |issues |in |order |to |seek |
knowledge |for |its |own |sake |rather |than |for |its |practical |application
applied |psychology |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |study |of |psychological |issues |that |have |direct |
practical |significance; |also, |the |application |of |psychological |findings.
psychotherapist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
psychoanalyst |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |person |who |has |obtained |specialized |training |at |a |
psychoanalysis |institute
psychiatrist |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |medical |doctor |who |has |specialized |in |the |diagnosis |
and |treatment |of |psychological |disorders
theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |organized |system |of |assumptions |and |principles |that |
purports |to |explain |a |specified |set |of |phenomena |and |interrelationships
operational |definition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |precise |definition |of |a |term |in |a |hypothesis, |
which |specifies |the |operations |for |observing |and |measuring |the |process |or |phenomenon |
being |defined.
principle |of |falsifiability |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |principle |that |a |scientific |theory |must |
make |predictions |that |are |specific |enough |to |expose |the |theory |to |the |possibility |of |
disconfirmation; |that |is, |the |theory |must |predict |not |only |what |will |happen |but |also |what |will |
not |happen.
, confirmation |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |tendency |to |look |for |or |pay |attention |only |to |
information |that |confirms |one's |own |belief
representative |sample |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |group |of |individuals, |selected |from |a |
population |for |study, |which |matches |the |population |on |important |characteristics |such |as |age |
and |sex.
descriptive |methods |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-methods |that |yield |descriptions |of |behaviors |but
|not |necessarily |casual |explanations
case |study |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |detailed |description |or |particular |individual |being |
studied |or |treated
observational |study |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |study |in |which |the |researcher |carefully |and |
systematically |observes |and |records |behavior |without |interfering |with |the |behavior; |it |may |
involve |either |naturalistic |or |laboratory |observation
psychological |tests |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-procedures |used |to |measure |and |evaluate |
personality |traits, |emotional |states, |aptitudes, |interests, |abilities, |and |values
standardize |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-to |develop |uniform |procedures |for |giving |and |scoring |a |
test
norms |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-established |standard |of |performance
reliability |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-consistency |of |scores |derived |from |one |time |and |place |to |
another
