MSC: ORT Exam – Knee 2025
Questions and Answers
What are the 3 bones in the knee? - --Answer --- tibia
- fibula
- femur
what are the 3 joints in the knee? - --Answer --- medial tibiofemoral
- lateral tibiofemoral
- patellofemoral
Where is stress put in a valgus deformity? - --Answer --- lateral compartment
where is stress put in varus deformity? - --Answer --- medial compartment
what is the anatomical axis? - --Answer --- down the medullary canal of the
femur and tibia
what is the mechanical axis? - --Answer --- center of femoral head --> center
of knee --> center of ankle
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,- axis of weight bearing in the lower limb
What is the function axis? - --Answer --- where the knee rotates around
- flexion-extension axis
What are the 6 degrees of motion in the knee? - --Answer ---
extension/flexion
- varus/valgus
- internal/external
- medial/lateral
- anterior/posterior
- proximal/distal
What is femoral roll back? - --Answer ---allows for increased knee flexion by
avoiding impingement
-lateral side rolls back farther than medial side
What do the ACL and PCL help with? - --Answer --- anterior/posterior
motion
what do the MCL and LCL help with? - --Answer --- varus/valgus motion
- medial/lateral motion
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,What ligaments are usually sacrificed with a knee replacement? - --Answer --
- ACL (most often)
- PCL
why are the MCL and PCL not sacrificed in a knee replacement? - --
Answer --They play a more important role
- MCL = very strong
- LCL = weaker
What degrees of rotation does the tibiofemoral joint have? - --Answer ---
flexion/extension = 0-135 (most important)
- varus/valgus = 6-8
- internal/external = 25-30
Tibiofemoral position joint force - --Answer --- standing = equal BW
- swing phase = 1/2 x BW
- stance phase = 2-4 x BW
- jogging = 6 x BW
Tibiofemoral everyday mobility - --Answer --- walking = 67 degree of
flexion
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, - sitting = 83-110 degree of flexion (needed to do daily things)
- squatting = 130 degrees of flexion
what is the function of the patella? - --Answer --- acts as slippery surface for
tendon as it passes over front of knee
- increases mechanical advantage of quad muscles
- keeps the tendon from slipping off the side of the femur
Does the patella extend the moment arm? - --Answer --- Yes
- makes movement easier
What is the Q angle? - --Answer --The angle between the extended
anatomical axis of the femur and the line between the center of the patella and the
tibial tubercle
What are the degrees of the Q angle for men and women? - --Answer --
flexion
- male = 13 degrees
- female = 18 degrees
extension
- 8 degrees
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
Questions and Answers
What are the 3 bones in the knee? - --Answer --- tibia
- fibula
- femur
what are the 3 joints in the knee? - --Answer --- medial tibiofemoral
- lateral tibiofemoral
- patellofemoral
Where is stress put in a valgus deformity? - --Answer --- lateral compartment
where is stress put in varus deformity? - --Answer --- medial compartment
what is the anatomical axis? - --Answer --- down the medullary canal of the
femur and tibia
what is the mechanical axis? - --Answer --- center of femoral head --> center
of knee --> center of ankle
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 1
,- axis of weight bearing in the lower limb
What is the function axis? - --Answer --- where the knee rotates around
- flexion-extension axis
What are the 6 degrees of motion in the knee? - --Answer ---
extension/flexion
- varus/valgus
- internal/external
- medial/lateral
- anterior/posterior
- proximal/distal
What is femoral roll back? - --Answer ---allows for increased knee flexion by
avoiding impingement
-lateral side rolls back farther than medial side
What do the ACL and PCL help with? - --Answer --- anterior/posterior
motion
what do the MCL and LCL help with? - --Answer --- varus/valgus motion
- medial/lateral motion
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 2
,What ligaments are usually sacrificed with a knee replacement? - --Answer --
- ACL (most often)
- PCL
why are the MCL and PCL not sacrificed in a knee replacement? - --
Answer --They play a more important role
- MCL = very strong
- LCL = weaker
What degrees of rotation does the tibiofemoral joint have? - --Answer ---
flexion/extension = 0-135 (most important)
- varus/valgus = 6-8
- internal/external = 25-30
Tibiofemoral position joint force - --Answer --- standing = equal BW
- swing phase = 1/2 x BW
- stance phase = 2-4 x BW
- jogging = 6 x BW
Tibiofemoral everyday mobility - --Answer --- walking = 67 degree of
flexion
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 3
, - sitting = 83-110 degree of flexion (needed to do daily things)
- squatting = 130 degrees of flexion
what is the function of the patella? - --Answer --- acts as slippery surface for
tendon as it passes over front of knee
- increases mechanical advantage of quad muscles
- keeps the tendon from slipping off the side of the femur
Does the patella extend the moment arm? - --Answer --- Yes
- makes movement easier
What is the Q angle? - --Answer --The angle between the extended
anatomical axis of the femur and the line between the center of the patella and the
tibial tubercle
What are the degrees of the Q angle for men and women? - --Answer --
flexion
- male = 13 degrees
- female = 18 degrees
extension
- 8 degrees
....COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED...TRUSTED & VERIFIED 4
