NURS 6521 Week 5 Assignment - Dissimilarities Between Type 1, Type 2, Gestational & Juvenile Diabetes

Dissimilarities Between Type 1, Type 2, Gestational & Juvenile Diabetes In type 1, once known as juvenile diabetes (insulin-dependent), the pancreatic beta cells that release insulin are targeted and killed by the immune system, essentially not producing insulin or an insufficient amount (Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. 2021). Although it can sometimes occur in adults, this kind of diabetes often manifests during childhood or adolescence. The signs of type 1 diabetes, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and fatigue, manifest abruptly (Gao et al.,2016). In comparison, Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production. Although this kind of diabetes often affects mainly adults, it can also affect children and adolescents, and its symptoms are gradual. Gestational diabetes is caused by an increase in the synthesis of hormones and cortisol by the placenta during pregnancy, which leads to hyperglycemia in the pregnant woman but often resolves after delivery. The symptoms of this type of diabetes, which include increased thirst, urination, and exhaustion, appear suddenly. Preparation, Administration, & Dietary Considerations of Insulin to Treat Juvenile Diabetes When prescribing drug treatment for patients with juvenile diabetes, providers consider a child's age and requirements. Since juvenile diabetes is an insulin-dependent condition, insulin therapy is the main form of treatment. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin is available in several forms, and each type is utilized to treat diabetes uniquely. These variations of insulins can include lispro or aspart (rapid-acting), glargine or detemire (long- acting), or NPH (intermediate-acting). Insulin can be administered by a needle & syringe or pen and injected subcutaneously. In addition, many children benefit from an insulin pump due to its precise dosage delivery, flexibility, and convenience. Preparation and administration for insulin therapy are as follows: • Allow the medication to come to room temperature before administering it if previously refrigerated. Wash Hands!! and gently roll the insulin vials between hands to warm the drug. • Alcohol wipes or cotton balls coated in alcohol should be used to clean the rubber lids and allowed to dry. • Pull the plunger back on your insulin syringe and pull the required number of units of air into the syringe. • Push the plunger of the syringe to force the air into the bottle. And draw up the desired amount • Clean with an alcohol swab • Pinch the skin and insert the needle at an angle of 45 degrees. • Completely insert the needle into the skin. Relax the squeezed skin. Inject the insulin gently and consistently until it is completely absorbed. • After injecting, leave the syringe in place for 5 seconds, and remove and discard the needle in a sharp's receptacle. (American Diabetes Association, 2018) A healthy diet's importance in treating juvenile diabetes is substantial. A nutritious diet can help with blood sugar management and prevent complications. A provider must consider the individual's specific needs when making dietary recommendations. However, the patient should be informed that carbohydrates should come from healthy food sources such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat milk. Individuals with diabetes should also avoid sugary drinks. Exercise is also an essential part of the therapy plan. Exercising is beneficial for managing blood sugar levels and overall health. Short & Long-term Impact of Juvenile Diabetes & Insulin Therapy Short-term effects of juvenile diabetes and insulin administration may include weight gain, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. Insulin can contribute to weight gain because it stores fat. Kidney damage, nerve damage, and heart disease are among the potential long-term effects of juvenile diabetes and insulin use. Hyperglycemia causes damage to the blood arteries and nephrons in the kidneys, causing them to function less efficiently. Elevated blood glucose levels injure the capillaries that provide oxygen and nutrients to your nervous system. Because of this, vital nutrients cannot reach the nerves, causing a condition known as diabetic neuropathy (Colombo et al., 2020). High glucose levels in the blood might cause kidney injury. The increased blood glucose levels associated with diabetes can cause damage to the blood vessels and the nerves that regulate the heart and blood vessels (Colombo et al., 2020). This injury can cause heart trouble in the future. Short-term and long-term effects have been linked to juvenile diabetes and insulin use. The provider and patient must collaborate to formulate an effective drug therapy to manage the patient's diabetes.