CSU BZ110 FINAL EXAM WITH ALL CORRECT & 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago, near the end of
this period. Correct answer-Devonian
In the vertebrates, the notochord _______. Correct answer-is replaced by the vertebrae in almost
all species
Fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals are all members of the subphylum _______. Correct answer-
Craniata
Which class contains the lampreys? Correct answer-Petromyzontida
The appearance of __________ is considered to be one of the major developments in vertebrate
evolution. Correct answer-jaws and paired appendages
Bone in vertebrates is thought to have originated at least __________ years ago. Correct answer-
510 million
Adult sea lampreys in the Great Lakes feed primarily on _______. Correct answer-blood of large
bony fish
Hagfishes belong to the class _______. Correct answer-Myxini
In their feeding habits, the largest sharks are _______. Correct answer-filter feeders
Unlike other chondrichthians, the __________ have a gill cover called the operculum. Correct
answer-ratfish
Lungfishes belong to the class _______. Correct answer-Sarcopterygii
he lobe-finned fishes, such as coelacanths, are found in the class _______. Correct answer-
Sarcopterygii
Which of the following is not a term that could be used to describe a flounder or a snapper?
Correct answer-member of the infraphylum Hyperotreti
The closest living fish relative of terrestrial vertebrates is probably _______. Correct answer-
Latimeria
Members of the class __________ are sometimes called the ray-finned fishes. Correct answer-
Actinopterygii
One hypothesis says that an extinct group of sacropterygians called __________ are the ancestors of
ancient amphibians. Correct answer-osteolepiforms
The modern bony fishes are the Correct answer-teleosts.
Some elasmobranchs and some bony fishes such as the tuna maintain water flow over the gills by
holding their mouths open. This is called __________ ventilation. Correct answer-ram
,Vascular folds in the epithelium of gill filaments are called _______. Correct answer-lamellae
In lungfishes and Indian climbing perch, __________ function as lungs. Correct answer-pneumatic
sacs
Flow of water over fish gills maintains a concentration gradient (of gases) between the blood and the
water over the length of the capillary bed; this is referred to as an/a __________ mechanism.
Correct answer-countercurrent exchange
Fishes mostly regulate their buoyancy by precisely regulating the volume of gas in the Correct
answer-swim bladder.
Some elasmobranchs, including hammerhead sharks, and guppies are _______. Correct answer-
viviparous
Nitrogenous wastes such as urea, creatine, and creatinine are produced in the __________ of fishes.
Correct answer-liver
A vascular network called the __________ secretes gases into the swim bladder. Correct answer-
rete mirabile
In the epidermis of fish skin, there are sensory pits that may be used for detecting currents; these
pits comprise the _______. Correct answer-lateral line system
The functional excretory units in the kidneys of fishes are _______. Correct answer-nephrons
Osmoregulation is a major function of the kidneys and __________ in fishes. Correct answer-gills
The networks of capillaries that filter blood from the circulatory system into the tubular system of
the nephrons of fishes are the _______. Correct answer-glomeruli
The major osmoregulatory problems of saltwater fishes are _______. Correct answer-water loss
and salt gain
A __________ removes excess sodium chloride from the blood of elasmobranchs and excretes it into
the cloaca. Correct answer-rectal gland
A common opening for excretory, digestive, and reproductive products is the _______. Correct
answer-cloaca
The major nitrogenous waste of bony fishes is _______. Correct answer-ammonia
Fishes that migrate between freshwater and marine environments are said to be _______. Correct
answer-diadromous
The vast majority of fish are _______. Correct answer-oviparous
Fishes would not regulate their buoyancy by which of the following ways? Correct answer-
possession of relatively dense bones
, Which animals are not in the infraphylum Vertebrata? Correct answer-hagfishes
Which group of fishes does not have a cartilaginous skeleton? Correct answer-teleosts
The grouping Osteichthyes is considered to be _______. Correct answer-paraphyletic
Larval stages of frogs and toads are usually referred to as ______ Correct answer-tadpoles
Which of the following designations applies to four-legged "crown group" descendants in the
sarcopterygian lineage. Recall that crown group refers to four-legged extant animals and their closest
common ancestor. Correct answer-Tetrapoda
A fossil often depicted as an example of an early amphibian is _______. Correct answer-
Ichthyostega
When the amphibians first moved onto land, there was _______. Correct answer-an environment
relatively free from predators and a readily available food source
The ancestral tetrapodomorph lineage that led to reptiles, birds, and mammals is called the
____________ lineage. Correct answer-Reptiliomorpha
Salamanders belong to the amphibian order _______. Correct answer-Caudata
The most fully terrestrial salamanders belong to the family _______. Correct answer-
Plethodontidae
Members of the salamander family Salamandridae include _______. Correct answer-newts
Female salamanders have a special pouch, the __________, in which sperm are stored. Correct
answer-spermatheca
Fertilization is always internal in caecilians; larval stages are often _______. Correct answer-Held in
the oviducts, and the young emerge from the female as miniatures of the adult
Caecilians belong to the amphibian order _______. Correct answer-Gymnophiona
Frogs and toads belong to the amphibian order _______. Correct answer-Anura
True toads belong to the family _______. Correct answer-Bufonidae
Members of the amphibian order Anura have the tail vertebrae fused into a rodlike _______.
Correct answer-urostyle
The skin of amphibians is _______. Correct answer-highly glandular
The structures responsible for color and color changes in amphibian skin are _______. Correct
answer-chromatophores
The last trunk vertebra of the amphibians is the __________ vertebra. Correct answer-sacral
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY GRADED A+
Terrestrial vertebrates made their appearance approximately 400 million years ago, near the end of
this period. Correct answer-Devonian
In the vertebrates, the notochord _______. Correct answer-is replaced by the vertebrae in almost
all species
Fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals are all members of the subphylum _______. Correct answer-
Craniata
Which class contains the lampreys? Correct answer-Petromyzontida
The appearance of __________ is considered to be one of the major developments in vertebrate
evolution. Correct answer-jaws and paired appendages
Bone in vertebrates is thought to have originated at least __________ years ago. Correct answer-
510 million
Adult sea lampreys in the Great Lakes feed primarily on _______. Correct answer-blood of large
bony fish
Hagfishes belong to the class _______. Correct answer-Myxini
In their feeding habits, the largest sharks are _______. Correct answer-filter feeders
Unlike other chondrichthians, the __________ have a gill cover called the operculum. Correct
answer-ratfish
Lungfishes belong to the class _______. Correct answer-Sarcopterygii
he lobe-finned fishes, such as coelacanths, are found in the class _______. Correct answer-
Sarcopterygii
Which of the following is not a term that could be used to describe a flounder or a snapper?
Correct answer-member of the infraphylum Hyperotreti
The closest living fish relative of terrestrial vertebrates is probably _______. Correct answer-
Latimeria
Members of the class __________ are sometimes called the ray-finned fishes. Correct answer-
Actinopterygii
One hypothesis says that an extinct group of sacropterygians called __________ are the ancestors of
ancient amphibians. Correct answer-osteolepiforms
The modern bony fishes are the Correct answer-teleosts.
Some elasmobranchs and some bony fishes such as the tuna maintain water flow over the gills by
holding their mouths open. This is called __________ ventilation. Correct answer-ram
,Vascular folds in the epithelium of gill filaments are called _______. Correct answer-lamellae
In lungfishes and Indian climbing perch, __________ function as lungs. Correct answer-pneumatic
sacs
Flow of water over fish gills maintains a concentration gradient (of gases) between the blood and the
water over the length of the capillary bed; this is referred to as an/a __________ mechanism.
Correct answer-countercurrent exchange
Fishes mostly regulate their buoyancy by precisely regulating the volume of gas in the Correct
answer-swim bladder.
Some elasmobranchs, including hammerhead sharks, and guppies are _______. Correct answer-
viviparous
Nitrogenous wastes such as urea, creatine, and creatinine are produced in the __________ of fishes.
Correct answer-liver
A vascular network called the __________ secretes gases into the swim bladder. Correct answer-
rete mirabile
In the epidermis of fish skin, there are sensory pits that may be used for detecting currents; these
pits comprise the _______. Correct answer-lateral line system
The functional excretory units in the kidneys of fishes are _______. Correct answer-nephrons
Osmoregulation is a major function of the kidneys and __________ in fishes. Correct answer-gills
The networks of capillaries that filter blood from the circulatory system into the tubular system of
the nephrons of fishes are the _______. Correct answer-glomeruli
The major osmoregulatory problems of saltwater fishes are _______. Correct answer-water loss
and salt gain
A __________ removes excess sodium chloride from the blood of elasmobranchs and excretes it into
the cloaca. Correct answer-rectal gland
A common opening for excretory, digestive, and reproductive products is the _______. Correct
answer-cloaca
The major nitrogenous waste of bony fishes is _______. Correct answer-ammonia
Fishes that migrate between freshwater and marine environments are said to be _______. Correct
answer-diadromous
The vast majority of fish are _______. Correct answer-oviparous
Fishes would not regulate their buoyancy by which of the following ways? Correct answer-
possession of relatively dense bones
, Which animals are not in the infraphylum Vertebrata? Correct answer-hagfishes
Which group of fishes does not have a cartilaginous skeleton? Correct answer-teleosts
The grouping Osteichthyes is considered to be _______. Correct answer-paraphyletic
Larval stages of frogs and toads are usually referred to as ______ Correct answer-tadpoles
Which of the following designations applies to four-legged "crown group" descendants in the
sarcopterygian lineage. Recall that crown group refers to four-legged extant animals and their closest
common ancestor. Correct answer-Tetrapoda
A fossil often depicted as an example of an early amphibian is _______. Correct answer-
Ichthyostega
When the amphibians first moved onto land, there was _______. Correct answer-an environment
relatively free from predators and a readily available food source
The ancestral tetrapodomorph lineage that led to reptiles, birds, and mammals is called the
____________ lineage. Correct answer-Reptiliomorpha
Salamanders belong to the amphibian order _______. Correct answer-Caudata
The most fully terrestrial salamanders belong to the family _______. Correct answer-
Plethodontidae
Members of the salamander family Salamandridae include _______. Correct answer-newts
Female salamanders have a special pouch, the __________, in which sperm are stored. Correct
answer-spermatheca
Fertilization is always internal in caecilians; larval stages are often _______. Correct answer-Held in
the oviducts, and the young emerge from the female as miniatures of the adult
Caecilians belong to the amphibian order _______. Correct answer-Gymnophiona
Frogs and toads belong to the amphibian order _______. Correct answer-Anura
True toads belong to the family _______. Correct answer-Bufonidae
Members of the amphibian order Anura have the tail vertebrae fused into a rodlike _______.
Correct answer-urostyle
The skin of amphibians is _______. Correct answer-highly glandular
The structures responsible for color and color changes in amphibian skin are _______. Correct
answer-chromatophores
The last trunk vertebra of the amphibians is the __________ vertebra. Correct answer-sacral
