NSG 555 Quiz 2 module 4 DBTS UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORECT
Answers
Diabetes screening recommendations - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. OGTT or A1C if
overweight and 1 + risk factors
family hx, heritage (nonwhite), CVD, HTN, HLD, PCOS, inactive, s/s: acanthosis nigricans,
obesity
2. A1C >5.7 should be tested yearly
3. if women an Gestational dbts test q3 years
4. anyone else start at age 45
5. if normal results test q3 years unless new risk factors
Type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - autoimmune destruction of Beta cells --
>lifelong dependance on insulin (they have ab to islet cells, insulin autoab, ab to tyrosine
phosphate), surigal removal of pancrease (whipple)-->type 1
latent autoimmune dbts (LABA) - CORRECT ANSWER - beta cell dysfunction in older
adults--reduced insulin production + lipolysis, decreased incretin effect, increased glucagon
secretions
Incretins - CORRECT ANSWER - peptides that are produced in the GI tract in response to
food that help to modulate insulin and glucagon activity
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER - A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that
increases blood glucose concentration
type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - insulin resistance-->increased insulin secretion--
>inc blood glucose
, need tx to improve insulin sensitivity.
note that metabolic syndrome common in presentation
metabolic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - A syndrome marked by the presence of
usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high
triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to
increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
type 1 dm presentation - CORRECT ANSWER - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, wt loss,
blurry cision, fatigue, s/s dbts. Late s/s: DKA (rapid shallow breathing, low BP, dehydration,
n/v/abd pain)
type 2 dm presentation - CORRECT ANSWER - asymptomatic or subtle symptoms. often
vascular/neuropathic complications first
polyuria, polydipsia, blurry vision, fatigue, infectiosn, slow healing wounds
exam for dbts initial - CORRECT ANSWER - focus on dehydration, wt loss (dry/flushed),
palpate thyroid (common to also have type 1 dm), vascular and neuropathic complications.
exam for dbts follow up - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. eval glucose control
2. assess for presence/progression of end-organ damage
3. assess for associated diseases (cv risk factors, autoimmune disorders)
Q3 Months + full annual exam to assess complications and glycemic control, check lipids, A1C,
renal function each 3 months and LFTs each year (more frequent if abnormal)
other yearly screening: urine microalbumin and UA, eye exam, CV eval if indicated. baseline
EKG if >40
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORECT
Answers
Diabetes screening recommendations - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. OGTT or A1C if
overweight and 1 + risk factors
family hx, heritage (nonwhite), CVD, HTN, HLD, PCOS, inactive, s/s: acanthosis nigricans,
obesity
2. A1C >5.7 should be tested yearly
3. if women an Gestational dbts test q3 years
4. anyone else start at age 45
5. if normal results test q3 years unless new risk factors
Type 1 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - autoimmune destruction of Beta cells --
>lifelong dependance on insulin (they have ab to islet cells, insulin autoab, ab to tyrosine
phosphate), surigal removal of pancrease (whipple)-->type 1
latent autoimmune dbts (LABA) - CORRECT ANSWER - beta cell dysfunction in older
adults--reduced insulin production + lipolysis, decreased incretin effect, increased glucagon
secretions
Incretins - CORRECT ANSWER - peptides that are produced in the GI tract in response to
food that help to modulate insulin and glucagon activity
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER - A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that
increases blood glucose concentration
type 2 diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER - insulin resistance-->increased insulin secretion--
>inc blood glucose
, need tx to improve insulin sensitivity.
note that metabolic syndrome common in presentation
metabolic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - A syndrome marked by the presence of
usually three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high
triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to
increased risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
type 1 dm presentation - CORRECT ANSWER - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, wt loss,
blurry cision, fatigue, s/s dbts. Late s/s: DKA (rapid shallow breathing, low BP, dehydration,
n/v/abd pain)
type 2 dm presentation - CORRECT ANSWER - asymptomatic or subtle symptoms. often
vascular/neuropathic complications first
polyuria, polydipsia, blurry vision, fatigue, infectiosn, slow healing wounds
exam for dbts initial - CORRECT ANSWER - focus on dehydration, wt loss (dry/flushed),
palpate thyroid (common to also have type 1 dm), vascular and neuropathic complications.
exam for dbts follow up - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. eval glucose control
2. assess for presence/progression of end-organ damage
3. assess for associated diseases (cv risk factors, autoimmune disorders)
Q3 Months + full annual exam to assess complications and glycemic control, check lipids, A1C,
renal function each 3 months and LFTs each year (more frequent if abnormal)
other yearly screening: urine microalbumin and UA, eye exam, CV eval if indicated. baseline
EKG if >40
