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Samenvatting - Publieke economie

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Samenvatting - Publieke economie Ugent, Bestuurskunde en publiek management.

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Samenvatting F710347A - Publieke
economie

,SAMENVATTING PUBLIEKE ECONOMIE
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................................6
Introductie.................................................................................................................................................................7
De staat/overheid..................................................................................................................................................7
Ideologische visie op relatie individu en staat: organische vs mechanistische visie............................................7
Consequentionalisme en itentionalisme/deontologie..........................................................................................7
Economie zonder overheid...................................................................................................................................7
Idee van de ‘minimale staat’.............................................................................................................................8
Basisbegrippen micro-economie...........................................................................................................................8
Marktefficiëntie.................................................................................................................................................8
Pareto-verbetering............................................................................................................................................9
Markten en Pareto-efficiëntie.........................................................................................................................10
Positieve en normatieve analyse........................................................................................................................11
Efficiëntie van markten en algemeen evenwicht................................................................................................11
Veronderstellingen..........................................................................................................................................12
Consumptie: de ruileconomie.............................................................................................................................12
Edgeworth box................................................................................................................................................14
Edgeworth box en ruil.....................................................................................................................................14
Edgeworth box met prijslijn............................................................................................................................15
Edgeworth box met voorkeuren.....................................................................................................................15
Contractcurve..................................................................................................................................................16
Conclusie Edgeworth consumptie...................................................................................................................17
Productie.............................................................................................................................................................18
Edgeworth box voor productie.......................................................................................................................18
Productiemogelijkhedencurve (PMC).............................................................................................................18
Top level efficiëntie.............................................................................................................................................20
Competitie leidt tot.............................................................................................................................................20
Eerste welvaartstheorema..................................................................................................................................21
Tweede welvaartstheorema...............................................................................................................................21
Hoe decenraliseren?.......................................................................................................................................21
Observaties..........................................................................................................................................................22
H19: Externe effecten..............................................................................................................................................23
Negatieve externaliteiten in een markt..............................................................................................................23

(negatieve) Externe effecten en het maatschappelijk optimum....................................................................24
Pigouviaanse belastingen................................................................................................................................25

, Drie conclusies.................................................................................................................................................26
‘Markt’ van de vervuiling.....................................................................................................................................26
Link met milieu-economie...............................................................................................................................28
Doel van de overheid..........................................................................................................................................30
Pigouviaanse belastingen................................................................................................................................31
Normen en standaarden (commond and control)..........................................................................................33
Emissierechten ‘cap and trade’.......................................................................................................................35
Positieve externe effecten..................................................................................................................................36
Alternatieven om externaliteiten op te lossen...............................................................................................37
Internaliteiten......................................................................................................................................................39
Merite en demeritegoederen.........................................................................................................................39
H20: Publieke goederen..........................................................................................................................................40
Vier soorten goederen en diensten....................................................................................................................40
Publieke goederen...............................................................................................................................................40
vrijbuiters en de financiering van publieke goederen....................................................................................40

Optimale voorziening van privaat en publiek goed............................................................................................41
Private voorziening van een publiek goed......................................................................................................43
Evaluatie..........................................................................................................................................................49
Sociale normen als oplossing..........................................................................................................................50
Gemeenschappelijke bronnen............................................................................................................................51
Clubgoederen......................................................................................................................................................52
Hoe beslissen tot voorziening van publiek goed?...............................................................................................52
Kosteneffectiviteitsanalyse.............................................................................................................................53
Maatschappelijke kosten en baten analyse (MKBA).......................................................................................57
Waarderingsmethoden voor niet markt-goederen............................................................................................63
Soorten waarde...............................................................................................................................................63
Voorkeuren......................................................................................................................................................64
Compenserende variatie en equivalente variatie: exacte welvaartsmaatstaven...........................................65
Waarderingsmethoden...................................................................................................................................67
H18: Mededinginsbeleid/marktmacht....................................................................................................................70
De overheid als bewaker van competitie............................................................................................................70
Competitie...........................................................................................................................................................71
Efficiëntie.............................................................................................................................................................71
Competitie en allocatieve efficiëntie..............................................................................................................71

, Competitie en technische
efficiËntie...............................................................................................................71
Volmaakte mededinging bij perfecte concurrentie........................................................................................72
Volmaakte mededinging bij monopolistische concurrentie...........................................................................73
Verschillende marktvormen............................................................................................................................74
Dynamische efficiËntie?..................................................................................................................................75
Perfecte informatie.........................................................................................................................................75
Assymetrische informatie...............................................................................................................................76
Introductie rationaliteit, speltheorie en behavioural economics...........................................................................78
Rationeel
keuzemodel.........................................................................................................................................78
Ecpected utility
model.........................................................................................................................................78
Speltheorie......................................................................................................................................................79
Vraag................................................................................................................................................................7
9
Streepjesspel...................................................................................................................................................79
Kaartjessspel....................................................................................................................................................7
9
Conclusie.........................................................................................................................................................80
Nash-
evenwicht...................................................................................................................................................81
Potentiële strategieën?...................................................................................................................................81
Vier karakteristieken van goede strategie (Axelrod)......................................................................................82
Behavioural
economics...........................................................................................................................................83
Het ‘neoklassieke’ basismodel: rational
choice..................................................................................................83
Als economische agenten niet het rationeel keuzemodel volgen..................................................................83
Behavioural economics
(gedragseconomie).......................................................................................................84
Gedragsvertkeningen
(bias)................................................................................................................................84
Kritieken..............................................................................................................................................................8
9
Gevolgen voor
beleid..........................................................................................................................................89
H7: Gevolgen van
overheidsingrepen.....................................................................................................................90




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