NSER 7410 MODULE 5 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Define a blunt trauma
The trauma does not break skin, distributes force over a larger area and can result in more
widespread (and usually) hidden damage
Injury will depend on the amount of force involved and the type of structure of organ(s)
involved
Define an acceleration injury and state and example
A change in speed of an object. As speed or velocity increases so does the tissue damage.
Ex: Whiplash
Define an decceleration injury and state and example
injuries result from the decrease in speed and causes objects or organ strikes with a
stationary object.
MVA into a tree
Define a compression injury and state an example
Application of a squeezing or inward force. Causes solid organs to rupture and vascular
organs to bleed, and hollow organs to spill contents
, Crush or fall injury
Describe the paper bag effect in trauma
In a traumatic accident, a person will often instinctively take a deep breath and hold their
breath. This deep breath fills the lungs with air (paper bag) and closes the glottis (neck of
the bag).
On impact, the chest is hit (by the steering wheel, ground, or handle bars), which causes
the internal pressures of the lungs to increase. Consequently, a hole is created in the lung
and pleural covering, creating a pneumothorax
paper bag effect (blunt chest trauma)
pt typically will take a deep breath/gasp/hold their breath in traumatic accident, then when
blunt force happens to chest, a hole can be created in lungs/pleura causing pneumothorax
HR changes in preg
increases along all trimesters
BP changes in pregnancy
T1 decrease
T2 decrease
T3 back to baseline
cardiac output changes in pregnancy
Define a blunt trauma
The trauma does not break skin, distributes force over a larger area and can result in more
widespread (and usually) hidden damage
Injury will depend on the amount of force involved and the type of structure of organ(s)
involved
Define an acceleration injury and state and example
A change in speed of an object. As speed or velocity increases so does the tissue damage.
Ex: Whiplash
Define an decceleration injury and state and example
injuries result from the decrease in speed and causes objects or organ strikes with a
stationary object.
MVA into a tree
Define a compression injury and state an example
Application of a squeezing or inward force. Causes solid organs to rupture and vascular
organs to bleed, and hollow organs to spill contents
, Crush or fall injury
Describe the paper bag effect in trauma
In a traumatic accident, a person will often instinctively take a deep breath and hold their
breath. This deep breath fills the lungs with air (paper bag) and closes the glottis (neck of
the bag).
On impact, the chest is hit (by the steering wheel, ground, or handle bars), which causes
the internal pressures of the lungs to increase. Consequently, a hole is created in the lung
and pleural covering, creating a pneumothorax
paper bag effect (blunt chest trauma)
pt typically will take a deep breath/gasp/hold their breath in traumatic accident, then when
blunt force happens to chest, a hole can be created in lungs/pleura causing pneumothorax
HR changes in preg
increases along all trimesters
BP changes in pregnancy
T1 decrease
T2 decrease
T3 back to baseline
cardiac output changes in pregnancy
