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Exam (elaborations)

Federal Tax Research 13th Edition - Solution Manual by Roby Sawyers, Steven Gill, Neil Aldape

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This solution manual corresponds to Federal Tax Research (13th Edition) by Roby Sawyers and Steven Gill, providing detailed, step-by-step solutions to all end-of-chapter problems and case studies. It is a critical resource for mastering the principles and methodologies of conducting federal tax research within U.S. tax law and IRS procedures. The manual begins with foundational chapters on understanding the U.S. tax system, primary sources of tax law, and the structure of the Internal Revenue Code. It progresses through advanced topics including administrative guidance, judicial authority, tax planning, ethics in tax practice, and electronic tax research tools. The solutions support learning across practical research problems, citation formats, and real-world tax scenarios. This manual is ideal for accounting and taxation students looking to deepen their technical understanding and prepare for exams or professional practice.

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Institution
Solution Manual Federal Tax Research, 13e
Course
Solution Manual Federal Tax Research, 13e











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Institution
Solution Manual Federal Tax Research, 13e
Course
Solution Manual Federal Tax Research, 13e

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Uploaded on
July 18, 2025
Number of pages
224
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers

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, Page tt1-2 SOLUTIONS
ttMANUAL




CHAPTER 1 tt
ST
INTRODUCTION TO TAX PRACTICE AND ETHICS
tt tt tt tt tt
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DISCUSSION ttQUESTIONS


1-1. In ttthe ttUnited ttStates, ttthe tttax ttsystem ttis ttan ttoutgrowth ttof ttthe ttfollowing ttfive ttdisciplines:
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tt law, ttaccounting, tteconomics, ttpolitical ttscience, ttand ttsociology. ttThe ttenvironment ttfor ttthe
tt tax ttsystem ttispt rovided ttby ttthe ttprinciples ttof tteconomics, ttsociology, ttand ttpolitical ttscience,
tt while ttthe ttlegal ttand ttaccounting ttfields ttare ttresponsible ttfor ttthe ttsystem‘s ttinterpretation
_A
tt and ttapplication.


Each ttof ttthese ttdisciplines ttaffects ttthis ttcountry‘s tttax ttsystem ttin tta ttunique ttway.
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tt Economists ttaddressst uch ttissues ttas tthow ttproposed tttax ttlegislation ttwill ttaffect ttthe ttrate ttof
inflation ttor tteconomic ttgrowth.M
tt t easurement ttof ttthe ttsocial ttequity ttof tta tttax ttand


tt determining ttwhether tta tttax ttsystem ttdiscriminates ttagainst ttcertain tttaxpayers ttare ttissues
tt that ttare ttexamined ttby ttsociologists ttand ttpolitical ttscientists.
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Finally, ttattorneys ttare ttresponsible ttfor ttthe ttinterpretation ttof ttthe tttaxation ttstatutes, ttand
accountantset nsure ttthat ttthese ttsame ttstatutes ttare ttapplied ttconsistently.****8880()
tt


Page tt4
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1-2. The ttother ttmajor ttcategories ttof tttax ttpractice ttin ttaddition ttto tttax ttresearch ttare ttas ttfollows:


• Tax ttcompliance
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• Tax ttplanning
• Tax
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tt litigationP
t age tt5




1-3. Tax ttcompliance ttconsists ttof ttgathering ttpertinent ttinformation, ttevaluating ttand ttclassifying
tt that ttinformation, ttand ttfiling ttany ttnecessary tttax ttreturns. ttCompliance ttalso ttincludes ttother
tt functions ttnecessary ttto ttsatisfy ttgovernmental ttrequirements, ttsuch ttas ttrepresenting tta ttclient
tt during ttan ttInternalR
t evenue ttService tt(IRS) ttaudit.

, Federal ttTax ttResearch, tt13th Page tt1-3
ttEdition




Page tt5


1-4. Most ttof ttthe tttax ttcompliance ttwork ttis ttperformed ttby ttcommercial tttax ttpreparers, ttenrolled
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tt agents tt(EAs), ttattorneys, ttand ttcertified ttpublic ttaccountants tt(CPAs). ttNoncomplex
tt individual, ttpartnership,at nd ttcorporate tttax ttreturns ttoften ttare ttcompleted ttby ttcommercial tttax
tt preparers. ttThe ttpreparation ttof ttmore ttcomplex ttreturns ttusually ttis ttperformed ttby ttEAs,
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tt attorneys, ttand ttCPAs. ttThe ttlatter ttgroups ttalsop
t rovide tttax ttplanning ttservices ttand ttrepresent


tt their ttclients ttbefore ttthe ttIRS.


An ttEA ttis ttone ttwho ttis ttadmitted ttto ttpractice ttbefore ttthe ttIRS ttby ttpassing tta ttspecial ttIRS-
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administered ttexamination, ttor ttwho tthas ttworked ttfor ttthe ttIRS ttfor ttfive ttyears ttand ttis ttissued tta
tt permit ttto ttrepresent ttclients ttbefore ttthe ttIRS. ttCPAs ttand ttattorneys ttare ttnot ttrequired ttto tttake
tt this ttexamination ttand ttare ttautomatically ttadmitted ttto ttpractice ttbefore ttthe ttIRS ttif ttthey ttare ttin
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tt good ttstanding ttwith ttthe ttappropriatep
t rofessional ttlicensing ttboard.




Page tt5 ttand ttCircular tt230
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1-5. Tax ttplanning ttis ttthe ttprocess ttof ttarranging ttone‘s ttfinancial ttaffairs ttto ttminimize ttany tttax
tt liability. ttMuchot f ttmodern tttax ttpractice ttcenters ttaround ttthis ttprocess, ttand ttthe ttresulting
tt outcome ttis tttax ttavoidance.
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There ttis ttnothing ttillegal ttor ttimmoral ttin ttthe ttavoidance ttof tttaxation ttas ttlong ttas ttthe tttaxpayer
tt remains ttwithin ttlegal ttbounds. ttIn ttcontrast, tttax ttevasion ttconstitutes ttthe ttillegal ttnonpayment
tt of tta tttax ttand ttcannotbt e ttcondoned. ttActivities ttof ttthis ttsort ttclearly ttviolate ttexisting ttlegal
tt constraints ttand ttfall ttoutside ttof ttthe ttdomain ttof ttthe ttprofessional tttax ttpractitioner.
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Page tt6
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1-6. In ttan ttopen tttax ttplanning ttsituation, ttthe tttransaction ttis ttnot ttyet ttcomplete; tttherefore, ttthe tttax
tt practitionerm
t aintains ttsome ttdegree ttof ttcontrol ttover ttthe ttpotential tttax ttliability, ttand ttthe


tt transaction ttmay ttbe ttmodi- ttfied ttto ttachieve tta ttmore ttfavorable tttax tttreatment. ttIn tta ttclosed
tt transaction tthowever, ttall ttof ttthe ttpertinentat ctions tthave ttbeen ttcompleted, ttand tttax ttplanning
tt activities ttmay ttbe ttlimited ttto ttthe ttpresentation ttof ttthe ttsituation ttto ttthe ttgovernment ttin ttthe
most ttlegally ttadvantageous ttmanner ttpossible.
tt

, Page tt1-4 SOLUTIONS
ttMANUAL

Page tt6


1-7. Tax ttlitigation ttis ttthe ttprocess ttof ttsettling tta ttdispute ttwith ttthe ttIRS ttin tta ttcourt ttof ttlaw.
tt Typically, tta tttaxat ttorney tthandles tttax ttlitigation ttthat ttprogresses ttbeyond ttthe ttfinal ttIRS
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tt appeal.


Page tt6
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1-8. CPAs ttserve ttis tta ttsupport ttcapacity ttin tttax ttlitigation.


Page tt6
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1-9. Tax ttresearch ttconsists ttof ttthe ttresolution ttof ttunanswered tttaxation ttquestions. ttThe tttax ttresearch
tt processit ncludes ttthe ttfollowing:
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1. Identification ttof ttpertinent ttissues;
2. Specification ttof ttproper ttauthorities;
3. Evaluation ttof ttthe ttpropriety ttof ttauthorities; ttand,
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4. Application ttof ttauthorities ttto tta ttspecific ttsituation.


Page tt6
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1-10. Circular tt230 ttis ttissued ttby ttthe ttTreasury ttDepartment ttand ttapplies ttto ttall ttwho ttpractice ttbefore


tt the ttIRS.P
t age tt7
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1-11. In ttaddition ttto ttCircular tt230, ttCPAs ttmust ttfollow ttthe ttAICPA‘s ttCode ttof ttProfessional
tt Conduct ttand ttStatements tton ttStandards ttfor ttTax ttServices. ttCPAs ttmust ttalso ttabide ttby ttthe
tt rules ttof ttthe ttappropriatest tate ttboard(s) ttof ttaccountancy.
D

Page tt7
??
1-12. A ttreturn ttpreparer ttmust ttobtain tt18 tthours ttof ttcontinuing tteducation ttfrom ttan ttIRS-approved
tt CE ttProvider. ttThe tthours ttmust ttinclude tta tt6 ttcredit tthour ttAnnual ttFederal ttTax ttRefresher
tt course tt(AFTR) ttthat ttcovers ttfiling ttseason ttissues ttand tttax ttlaw ttupdates. ttThe ttAFTR ttcourse
must ttinclude tta ttknowledge-b
tt t ased ttcomprehension tttest ttadministered ttat ttthe ttconclusion tt of ttthe


tt course ttby ttthe ttCE ttProvider.

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