MGMT 339 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Statistical Error: Type II error - ✔✔An error that occurs when the employee
concludes that the process is in control and only randomness is present, when the
process is actually out of statistical control
✔✔Statistical Process Control (SPC) - ✔✔•The application of statistical techniques to
determine whether a process is delivering what the customer wants.
•Used to evaluate process output to see whether a process is "in control" or if corrective
action is needed.
✔✔Supplier Quality - ✔✔Suppliers must be included in the quality assurance. Extend
the quality concepts throughout the supply chain
✔✔Support - ✔✔How efficiently and effectively the company offers help when problem
occurs or to maintain the product or service. E.g. A/S services, warranty, customer
service etc.
✔✔The Deming Prize - ✔✔•Named after W. Edward Deming.
•Awarded by Japanese Union of Scientist and Engineers since 1951.
Recognizing businesses worldwide for excellence in applying the principles of TQM
✔✔Total Quality Management - ✔✔A philosophy that stresses three key principles
(customer satisfaction, employee involvement and continuous improvement) for
achieving high level of process performance and quality
✔✔Type 1 Error - ✔✔An error that occurs when the employee concludes that the
process is out of control based on a sample result that fails outside the control limits,
when in fact it was due to pure randomness
✔✔Type II Error - ✔✔An error that occurs when the employee concludes that the
process is in control and only randomness is present, when the process is actually out
of statistical control
✔✔Utilization - ✔✔The degree to which equipment, space, or the workforce is currently
being used, and is measured by the following
✔✔Value - ✔✔•How well the service or product serves its intended purpose at a price
costumers are willing to pay.
✔✔Variable vs Attributes - ✔✔-Variables can be measured (E.G. Weight, volume,
length, time etc.)
-•Attributes can be counted (E.G. Pass/fail)
, ✔✔X ̅ Chart - ✔✔-control chart used to monitor the central tendency of a process
-UCLx ̅ = x ̿ + A2R ̅
LCLx ̅ = x ̿ - A2R ̅
-x ̿ =the average of past sample means or a target value set for the process
-A2 = constant to provide three-sigma limits for the sample mean
-E.G., The average weight of the Special K cereal from a sample
✔✔C Chart - ✔✔-c-chart:
control chart used to monitor the number of defects generated by the process
-UCLC = c + ̅ z√(c ̅ )
LCLC = c ̅-z√(c ̅ )
-c ̅ =historical average of defect values or a target
-z= normal deviate (# of standard deviations from the average)
-E.G., The average number of Special K cereal that has inadequate amount of cereal in
a box
✔✔Fewest Followers - ✔✔Picking the candidate with the fewest followers is the
opposite of the most followers rule
✔✔Heuristics - ✔✔•A heuristic is a rule that provides a shortcut to solving difficult
problems.
•There can be numerous heuristics.
•Heuristics are used when you have limited time and/or information to make a decision.
•Heuristic solutions may not be optimal.
•Heuristic rules differ in their performance, but for the purpose of this class, we will work
with a simple one.
✔✔Just-in-time (JIT) System - ✔✔A system that organizes resources, information flows,
and decision rules that enables a firm to realize the benefits of JIT principles.
✔✔Just-in-time (JIT) Philosophy - ✔✔The belief that waste can be eliminated by cutting
unnecessary capacity or inventory and removing non-value-added activities in
operations.
"We only make what we need when we need it!"
✔✔Lean Systems - ✔✔Operations systems that maximize the value added by each of a
company's activities by removing waste and delays from them.
✔✔Line Balancing - ✔✔the assignment of tasks to workstations in a line process so as
to achieve the desired output rate with the smallest number of workstations
✔✔Little's Law - ✔✔A theorem that determines the average waiting time in a queuing
system based on the average number of customers in line and the rate of customers
passing through the system
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Statistical Error: Type II error - ✔✔An error that occurs when the employee
concludes that the process is in control and only randomness is present, when the
process is actually out of statistical control
✔✔Statistical Process Control (SPC) - ✔✔•The application of statistical techniques to
determine whether a process is delivering what the customer wants.
•Used to evaluate process output to see whether a process is "in control" or if corrective
action is needed.
✔✔Supplier Quality - ✔✔Suppliers must be included in the quality assurance. Extend
the quality concepts throughout the supply chain
✔✔Support - ✔✔How efficiently and effectively the company offers help when problem
occurs or to maintain the product or service. E.g. A/S services, warranty, customer
service etc.
✔✔The Deming Prize - ✔✔•Named after W. Edward Deming.
•Awarded by Japanese Union of Scientist and Engineers since 1951.
Recognizing businesses worldwide for excellence in applying the principles of TQM
✔✔Total Quality Management - ✔✔A philosophy that stresses three key principles
(customer satisfaction, employee involvement and continuous improvement) for
achieving high level of process performance and quality
✔✔Type 1 Error - ✔✔An error that occurs when the employee concludes that the
process is out of control based on a sample result that fails outside the control limits,
when in fact it was due to pure randomness
✔✔Type II Error - ✔✔An error that occurs when the employee concludes that the
process is in control and only randomness is present, when the process is actually out
of statistical control
✔✔Utilization - ✔✔The degree to which equipment, space, or the workforce is currently
being used, and is measured by the following
✔✔Value - ✔✔•How well the service or product serves its intended purpose at a price
costumers are willing to pay.
✔✔Variable vs Attributes - ✔✔-Variables can be measured (E.G. Weight, volume,
length, time etc.)
-•Attributes can be counted (E.G. Pass/fail)
, ✔✔X ̅ Chart - ✔✔-control chart used to monitor the central tendency of a process
-UCLx ̅ = x ̿ + A2R ̅
LCLx ̅ = x ̿ - A2R ̅
-x ̿ =the average of past sample means or a target value set for the process
-A2 = constant to provide three-sigma limits for the sample mean
-E.G., The average weight of the Special K cereal from a sample
✔✔C Chart - ✔✔-c-chart:
control chart used to monitor the number of defects generated by the process
-UCLC = c + ̅ z√(c ̅ )
LCLC = c ̅-z√(c ̅ )
-c ̅ =historical average of defect values or a target
-z= normal deviate (# of standard deviations from the average)
-E.G., The average number of Special K cereal that has inadequate amount of cereal in
a box
✔✔Fewest Followers - ✔✔Picking the candidate with the fewest followers is the
opposite of the most followers rule
✔✔Heuristics - ✔✔•A heuristic is a rule that provides a shortcut to solving difficult
problems.
•There can be numerous heuristics.
•Heuristics are used when you have limited time and/or information to make a decision.
•Heuristic solutions may not be optimal.
•Heuristic rules differ in their performance, but for the purpose of this class, we will work
with a simple one.
✔✔Just-in-time (JIT) System - ✔✔A system that organizes resources, information flows,
and decision rules that enables a firm to realize the benefits of JIT principles.
✔✔Just-in-time (JIT) Philosophy - ✔✔The belief that waste can be eliminated by cutting
unnecessary capacity or inventory and removing non-value-added activities in
operations.
"We only make what we need when we need it!"
✔✔Lean Systems - ✔✔Operations systems that maximize the value added by each of a
company's activities by removing waste and delays from them.
✔✔Line Balancing - ✔✔the assignment of tasks to workstations in a line process so as
to achieve the desired output rate with the smallest number of workstations
✔✔Little's Law - ✔✔A theorem that determines the average waiting time in a queuing
system based on the average number of customers in line and the rate of customers
passing through the system
