,CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
a. illness. c. treatment of the illness.
b. cause of the illness. d. client’s response to the illness.
ANS: D
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients’ independence and dependence. Nursing
focuses not on illness but rather on the client’s response to illness. The practice of physicians or
medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the West was
established by:
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale.
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix.
ANS: A
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according to the
ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing, and she lived
from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing
3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
a. in India around 800-600 BC. c. during the Middle Ages.
b. during the Roman Empire. d. at the time of the Renaissance.
ANS: A
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between 800 to
600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600 BC. There is no
documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during the Roman Empire.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
ANS: A
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field. Poor
conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not have been the
stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of nursing care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had about
nursing education?
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important
d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is based upon
a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed that there is a need
for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis. She also believed in the
importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and not an environment that served
physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing curriculum should be based upon nursing
knowledge and not medical knowledge.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in
London was:
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
ANS: B
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London was the first
school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was not the
first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women. This school was
not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War.
c. the first community health nurse.
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
ANS: C
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the Henry
Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the
United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. She was not the
founder of the American Nurses Association.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the control of
physicians during World War I?
a. Clara Barton c. Annie Goodrich
b. Isabel Hampton Robb d. Jane Delano
ANS: D
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by physicians who
wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist with war casualties.
Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians’ aide education plan. Robb was a supporter of the
rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton Robb
is noted for which of the following?
a. Opposing the organization of nurses
b. Establishing the American Red Cross
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service
ANS: C
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and emphasized the
role of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did not oppose the
organization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations. Robb did not establish the
American Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing Service.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote one of the
first nursing textbooks was:
a. Lavinia Dock.
b. Mary Breckinridge.
c. Martha Franklin.
d. Amelia Greenwald.
ANS: A
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the first
nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing. Mary
Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for racial equality in
nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health nursing.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
11. While documenting in a client’s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who introduced
the practice of keeping nurses’ notes was:
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
b. Mary Mahoney. d. Linda Richards.
ANS: D
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes and physicians’ orders as part of
medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives. Mary Mahoney
was America’s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton Phillips was the first
American nurse to receive a training certificate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
12. While reviewing a client’s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first prepaid
medical plan was started in:
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps.
b. Chicago.
c. New York City.
d. Washington DC.
ANS: A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
a. illness. c. treatment of the illness.
b. cause of the illness. d. client’s response to the illness.
ANS: D
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients’ independence and dependence. Nursing
focuses not on illness but rather on the client’s response to illness. The practice of physicians or
medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the West was
established by:
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale.
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix.
ANS: A
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according to the
ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing, and she lived
from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing
3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
a. in India around 800-600 BC. c. during the Middle Ages.
b. during the Roman Empire. d. at the time of the Renaissance.
ANS: A
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between 800 to
600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600 BC. There is no
documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during the Roman Empire.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
ANS: A
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field. Poor
conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not have been the
stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of nursing care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had about
nursing education?
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important
d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is based upon
a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed that there is a need
for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis. She also believed in the
importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and not an environment that served
physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing curriculum should be based upon nursing
knowledge and not medical knowledge.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in
London was:
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
ANS: B
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London was the first
school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was not the
first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women. This school was
not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War.
c. the first community health nurse.
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
ANS: C
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the Henry
Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the
United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War. She was not the
founder of the American Nurses Association.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the control of
physicians during World War I?
a. Clara Barton c. Annie Goodrich
b. Isabel Hampton Robb d. Jane Delano
ANS: D
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by physicians who
wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist with war casualties.
Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians’ aide education plan. Robb was a supporter of the
rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the Civil War.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton Robb
is noted for which of the following?
a. Opposing the organization of nurses
b. Establishing the American Red Cross
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service
ANS: C
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and emphasized the
role of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did not oppose the
organization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations. Robb did not establish the
American Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing Service.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote one of the
first nursing textbooks was:
a. Lavinia Dock.
b. Mary Breckinridge.
c. Martha Franklin.
d. Amelia Greenwald.
ANS: A
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the first
nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing. Mary
Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for racial equality in
nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health nursing.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
11. While documenting in a client’s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who introduced
the practice of keeping nurses’ notes was:
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
b. Mary Mahoney. d. Linda Richards.
ANS: D
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes and physicians’ orders as part of
medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives. Mary Mahoney
was America’s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton Phillips was the first
American nurse to receive a training certificate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
12. While reviewing a client’s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first prepaid
medical plan was started in:
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps.
b. Chicago.
c. New York City.
d. Washington DC.
ANS: A
