BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN
FOSTER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PASS GUARANTEED 100% ✅
Characteristics of living things - Answer ✅-All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - Answer ✅atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism
How are organisms classified? - Answer ✅on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - Answer
✅Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way
to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - Answer ✅Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - Answer ✅smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of
an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
@2025 Exam Material 1
,What is the structure of an atom? - Answer ✅Nucleus in the center that contains protons
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell
that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - Answer ✅A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and
electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - Answer ✅Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a
completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - Answer ✅Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - Answer ✅Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - Answer
✅Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - Answer ✅Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - Answer ✅Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
@2025 Exam Material 2
,What are the different kinds of carbs? - Answer ✅Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - Answer ✅macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;
needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid - Answer ✅Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
Nucleic acid - Answer ✅macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - Answer ✅All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - Answer ✅Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer ✅A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
@2025 Exam Material 3
, Smooth ER - Answer ✅Makes lipids
Rough ER - Answer ✅That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - Answer ✅Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - Answer ✅Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - Answer ✅Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - Answer ✅Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth, development
and movement
Nucleus - Answer ✅A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Cell wall - Answer ✅A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to
the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - Answer ✅Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the
same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - Answer ✅Water moves from areas of low solute concentration
to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - Answer ✅S+E= P+E
@2025 Exam Material 4
FOSTER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
PASS GUARANTEED 100% ✅
Characteristics of living things - Answer ✅-All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - Answer ✅atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism
How are organisms classified? - Answer ✅on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - Answer
✅Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way
to discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - Answer ✅Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - Answer ✅smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of
an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
@2025 Exam Material 1
,What is the structure of an atom? - Answer ✅Nucleus in the center that contains protons
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell
that contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - Answer ✅A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers and
electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - Answer ✅Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to have a
completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - Answer ✅Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - Answer ✅Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - Answer
✅Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - Answer ✅Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - Answer ✅Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
@2025 Exam Material 2
,What are the different kinds of carbs? - Answer ✅Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - Answer ✅macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;
needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid - Answer ✅Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
Nucleic acid - Answer ✅macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
What is the cell theory? - Answer ✅All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - Answer ✅Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Answer ✅A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
@2025 Exam Material 3
, Smooth ER - Answer ✅Makes lipids
Rough ER - Answer ✅That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - Answer ✅Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - Answer ✅Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - Answer ✅Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - Answer ✅Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth, development
and movement
Nucleus - Answer ✅A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and
reproduction
Cell wall - Answer ✅A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to
the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - Answer ✅Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the
same at both sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - Answer ✅Water moves from areas of low solute concentration
to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - Answer ✅S+E= P+E
@2025 Exam Material 4
