ASA 101, BASIC KEELBOAT SAILING QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS OF ANSWERS LATEST.

ASA 101, BASIC KEELBOAT SAILING QUESTIONS WITH EXPLANATIONS OF ANSWERS LATEST. “Hull - CORRECT ANSWER Watertight floating body of the boat that gives it form and houses or supports every other part of the boat" "Deck - CORRECT ANSWER Encloses the top of the hull and is generally horizontal" "Transom - CORRECT ANSWER Transverse, vertical section that makes up the stern of the boat, as high as the hull or as low as the waterline" "Fairlead - CORRECT ANSWER A ring mounted on a boat to guide a rope, keeping it clear of obstructions and preventing it from being cut or chafed" "Fender - CORRECT ANSWER Used to keep something off or prevent a collision" "Docklines - CORRECT ANSWER Ropes specifically made for use when securing the vessel to the dock" "Mainsail - CORRECT ANSWER Primary sail used to move the boat" "Jib - CORRECT ANSWER Like the mainsail, it is controlled with sheets, one on either side of the mast" "Head - CORRECT ANSWER Bathroom" "Tack - CORRECT ANSWER Change course by turning a boat's head into and through the wind" "Clew - CORRECT ANSWER The lower or after corner of a sail, haul these up into the mast for furling" "Foot - CORRECT ANSWER The bottom edge of a sail" "Luff - CORRECT ANSWER The edge of a fore-and-aft sail next to the mast or stay" "Leech - CORRECT ANSWER Back edge of a sail, diagonal" "Downhaul - CORRECT ANSWER A rope used for hauling down a sail, spar, especially in order to control a sail's shape" "Freeboard - CORRECT ANSWER The distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat" "Heel - CORRECT ANSWER To lean or tip under the influence of the wind on sails, controlled by ballast and underwater design of boat" "Weather Helm - CORRECT ANSWER A tendency in a sailing ship to head into the wind if the tiller is released" "Skipper - CORRECT ANSWER The captain of a ship or boat" "Helmsman - CORRECT ANSWER A person who steers a ship or baot" "Crew - CORRECT ANSWER A group of people who work on and operate a ship" "Head-to-Wind - CORRECT ANSWER Point of sail to describe orientation and relation to the wind, a boat will be on either a port tack or a starboard tack" "No-Sail Zone - CORRECT ANSWER A boat cannot sail directly into the wind, nor on a course that is too close to the direction from which the wind in blowing" "Close Hauled - CORRECT ANSWER By sailing at either the port or starboard edge of the no-sail zone, the sails are pulled as close at possible to the boat's center" "Close Reach - CORRECT ANSWER Turning the boat slightly further away from the wind, the 10:00 or 2:00 position" "Beam Reach - CORRECT ANSWER The wind is blowing directly across the boat's beam, its widest part, the 9:00 or 3:00 position" "Broad Reach - CORRECT ANSWER Headed slightly downwind" "Run - CORRECT ANSWER When the boat is going directly downwind at 6 o'clock" "Sailing-by-the-Lee - CORRECT ANSWER " "In Irons - CORRECT ANSWER With the wind coming from 12 o'clock, you will not be able to sail" "Rule 12(a)(i) - CORRECT ANSWER When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other as follows: (i) When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other" "Rule 12(a)(ii) - CORRECT ANSWER (ii) When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of way of the vessel which is to leeward" "Rule 12 (a)(iii) - CORRECT ANSWER (iii) If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port of on the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other" "Rule 13 - CORRECT ANSWER Overtaking a) Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules of relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear" "Rule 14 - CORRECT ANSWER Head-on Situation a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly-reciprocal courses so as to involve the risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line and/or both sidelights and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly" "Rule 15 - CORRECT ANSWER Crossing Situation, When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the war and shall avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel" "Navigational Signals: One Blast - CORRECT ANSWER Intention to direct course of vessel to own starboard" "Navigational Signals: Two Blasts - CORRECT ANSWER Intention to direct course of vessel to own port" "Navigational Signals: Three Blasts - CORRECT ANSWER Indicates vessel's engines are going astern (in reverse)" "Navigational Signals: Five Blasts - CORRECT ANSWER Danger signal used when the other vessel's intentions are not understood or its indicated course is dangerous" "Navigational Signals: Prolonged Blast - CORRECT ANSWER (4 to 6 seconds) Indicates restricted visibility" "Masthead Light - CORRECT ANSWER White light placed over the fore and aft centerline of the vessel" "Sidelights - CORRECT ANSWER Green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side" "Sternlight - CORRECT ANSWER White light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern" "Towing Light - CORRECT ANSWER Yellow light having the same characteristics as a sternlight" "Keel - CORRECT ANSWER Heavy, fixed appendage on the bottom of the hull that not only provides the sideways resistance, but also the vertical stability needed to counter the force of the wind on the sails that would otherwise push the boat sideways" "Mast - CORRECT ANSWER Vertical metal or wooden pole that supports its primary sail, the mainsail" "Boom - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal pole at the bottom of the mainsail, it swings from one side of the boat to the other when the boat is turning through the wind" "Gooseneck - CORRECT ANSWER Swivel connection on a sailboat by which the boom attaches to the mast" "Bow - CORRECT ANSWER Forward, front of the vessel" "Stern - CORRECT ANSWER Aft, back of the vessel" "Helm/Tiller - CORRECT ANSWER Attached to the rudder, it causes the boat to turn in the opposite dirction" "Rudder - CORRECT ANSWER A movable, fin-shaped part attached to the hull near the stern" "Cockpit - CORRECT ANSWER The area around and just in front of the tiller, where the crew performs most boat-handling operations" "Cabin - CORRECT ANSWER A compartment below the deck" "Standing Rigging - CORRECT ANSWER Lines, wires, or rods which are more or less fixed in position while the boat is under sail, in contrast to running rigging, which move and change fairly often" "Shroud - CORRECT ANSWER Wire cables that help support the mast on either side, they are sturdy to help when boarding and walking around the boat" "Spreader - CORRECT ANSWER Horizontal, prevents shrouds from hitting the mast" "Chainplate - CORRECT ANSWER Fasten a shroud or stay to the hull" "Headstay/Forestay - CORRECT ANSWER Ensures the mast won't fall aft" "Backstay - CORRECT ANSWER Ensures the mast won't fall forward" "Stanchion - CORRECT ANSWER Holds lifelines" "Lifeline - CORRECT ANSWER To provide for safety, wire cable that runs around the perimeter of the deck about two feet above it" "Pulpit - CORRECT ANSWER A raised platform in the bow" "Winch - CORRECT ANSWER Always cranked clockwise, a hauling or lifting device consisting of a rope, cable, or chain winding around a horizontal drum" "Cleat - CORRECT ANSWER A T-shaped piece of metal or wood, to which ropes are attached" "Block - CORRECT ANSWER Wood, metal, or synthetic casing that contains one or more groove pulley called sheaves, primary component of running rigging, a device to change a lines direction" "Batten - CORRECT ANSWER A thin strip of wood or other rigid but flexible material which, when inserted into a fitted pocket in a sail, flattens the leech" "Batten Pocket - CORRECT ANSWER Pockets sewn into the trailing edge of the sail to hold the battens" "Bolt Rope - CORRECT ANSWER A rope sewn around the edge or a vessel's sail to prevent tearing" "Hank - CORRECT ANSWER A coil, knot, or loop, a ring, link, or shackle for securing the luff of a staysail or jib to its stay or the luff or head of a gaff sail to the mast or gaff" "Running Rigging - CORRECT ANSWER Lines, wires, or rods which move and change fairly often while the boat is under sail, in contrast to standing rigging, which are more or less fixed in position" "Halyard - CORRECT ANSWER Used to raise the mainsail" "Mainsheet - CORRECT ANSWER A sheet used for controlling the mainsail of a sailing vessel" "Jibsheets - CORRECT ANSWER A sheet used for controlling the jib of a sailing vessel" "Boom Topping Lift - CORRECT ANSWER A line which applies upward force on a boom on a tailing, the hold the boom when the sail is lowered, uphaul" "Boom Vang - CORRECT ANSWER A line or piston system on a sailboat used to exert downward force on the boom and thus control the shape of the sail" "Telltale - CORRECT ANSWER Red yarn or fabric attached to a stay, used as a guide when trimming" "Outhaul - CORRECT ANSWER A rope used to haul out the clew of a boom sail or the tack of a jib" "Traveler - CORRECT ANSWER Allows for changing the position where the mainsheet tackle connects to the boat" "Shackle - CORRECT ANSWER A U-shaped piece of metal secured with a clevis pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism" "Roller Furler - CORRECT ANSWER Method of furling or reefing a sail by rolling it around a stay or rotating a spar" "Port - CORRECT ANSWER Left-hand side of vessel" "Starboard - CORRECT ANSWER Right-hand side of vessel" "Forward - CORRECT ANSWER Front, bow of vessel" "Aft - CORRECT ANSWER Back, stern of vessel" "Beam - CORRECT ANSWER Bearing projected at right-angles from the fore and aft lines, outwards from the widest part of ship, define the maximum width of a ship's hull" "Ahead - CORRECT ANSWER Front of the boat" "Astern - CORRECT ANSWER Back of the boat" "Windward - CORRECT ANSWER Side of boat that wind is coming from" "Leeward - CORRECT ANSWER Side of boat opposite of where wind is coming" "Draft - CORRECT ANSWER Determines the minimum depth of water a ship can safely navigate, can be used to determine the weight of the cargo on board by calculating the total displacement" "Luffing - CORRECT ANSWER If a boat turns to leeward too far, or sails "by the lee", the boat can jibe accidentally if the lee side of the sail catches the wind, causing the boom to swing across the boat quickly" "Port Tack - CORRECT ANSWER If the wind is coming from anywhere on the port side" "Starboard Tack - CORRECT ANSWER If the wind is coming from anywhere on the starboard side" "Jibing - CORRECT ANSWER A turning maneuver, opposite of a tack, the stern passes through the wind" "Stand-on - CORRECT ANSWER The vessel that must maintain course and speed when meeting another vessel at sea and collision is possible" "Give-way - CORRECT ANSWER The vessel that does not maintain course and speed when meeting another vessel at sea and collision is possible" ""Heading Up" - CORRECT ANSWER If a navigator wants you to go closer to the wind" ""Bearing Away" - CORRECT ANSWER If a navigator wants you to turn away from the wind" ""Ready About", "Ready", "Helms-a-Lee" - CORRECT ANSWER Tiller will be put leeward to cause the boat to come about (tacking)" ""Prepare to Jibe", "Ready", "Jibe-Ho" - CORRECT ANSWER Tiller will be put windward to cause the boat to jibe" "Rule 5: Look-out - CORRECT ANSWER Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and the risk of collision"