Myers AP Psychology Units 1-7 Final
Exam With 100% Solved Solutions (2025)
Update.
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
critical thinking - Answer thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.
rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
theory - Answer an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis - Answer a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition - Answer a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define
research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an
intelligence test measures
replication - Answer repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different
participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other
participants and circumstances.
case study - Answer an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the
hope of revealing universal principles
survey - Answer a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of
people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.
false consensus effect - Answer the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share
our beliefs and behaviors
population - Answer all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study
,naturalistic observation - Answer observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
correlation - Answer a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of
how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical
expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1
scatterplot - Answer a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two
variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two
variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates
high correlation). (Also called a scattergram or scatter diagram.)
illusory correlation - Answer the perception of a relationship where none exists
experiment - Answer A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more
factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the
dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control
other relevant factors.
double-blind procedure - Answer an experimental procedure in which both the research
participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants
have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.
placebo effect - Answer experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on
behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to
be an active agent
experimental condition - Answer the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to
the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
control condition - Answer the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the
experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment
random assignment - Answer assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by
chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
, mode - Answer the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
mean - Answer the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and
then dividing by the number of scores
median - Answer the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are
below it
range - Answer the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
standard deviation - Answer a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean
score
statistical significance - Answer a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result
occurred by chance
culture - Answer the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large
group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Hindsight Bias - Answer I-knew-it-all-along-phenomenon
People believe that they knew something all along after an event happens .
Critical Thinking - Answer Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.
Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
Theory - Answer An explanation using integrated sets of principles that organizes observations
and predicts behaviors or events.
Hypothesis - Answer A testable prediction often implied by a theory.
Operational Definition - Answer Statement of the procedures (operations) used to define
research variables.
Exam With 100% Solved Solutions (2025)
Update.
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
critical thinking - Answer thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.
rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
theory - Answer an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes
observations and predicts behaviors or events
hypothesis - Answer a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition - Answer a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define
research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an
intelligence test measures
replication - Answer repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different
participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other
participants and circumstances.
case study - Answer an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the
hope of revealing universal principles
survey - Answer a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of
people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them.
false consensus effect - Answer the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share
our beliefs and behaviors
population - Answer all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study
,naturalistic observation - Answer observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring
situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
correlation - Answer a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of
how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical
expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1
scatterplot - Answer a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two
variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two
variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates
high correlation). (Also called a scattergram or scatter diagram.)
illusory correlation - Answer the perception of a relationship where none exists
experiment - Answer A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more
factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the
dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the experimenter aims to control
other relevant factors.
double-blind procedure - Answer an experimental procedure in which both the research
participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants
have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies.
placebo effect - Answer experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on
behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which is assumed to
be an active agent
experimental condition - Answer the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to
the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
control condition - Answer the condition of an experiment that contrasts with the
experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment
random assignment - Answer assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by
chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
, mode - Answer the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
mean - Answer the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and
then dividing by the number of scores
median - Answer the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are
below it
range - Answer the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
standard deviation - Answer a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean
score
statistical significance - Answer a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result
occurred by chance
culture - Answer the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large
group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Hindsight Bias - Answer I-knew-it-all-along-phenomenon
People believe that they knew something all along after an event happens .
Critical Thinking - Answer Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions.
Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses
conclusions.
Theory - Answer An explanation using integrated sets of principles that organizes observations
and predicts behaviors or events.
Hypothesis - Answer A testable prediction often implied by a theory.
Operational Definition - Answer Statement of the procedures (operations) used to define
research variables.
